Direct injection of neat n-butanol for enabling clean low temperature combustion in a modern diesel engine

A study of the effect of post injection on combustion and emissions with premixing enhanced fueling strategies

“…These results suggested that the HCCI butanol and the DI butanol strategies can be more flexible with respect to the earliest possible post injection timing. These results were consistent with other studies which indicated that the use of butanol was very effective for soot emission reduction [28,29]. Yao et al showed that a blended butanol and diesel fuel post injection was found to reduce the PM emissions and the PM emission reduction was more significant when the ratio of butanol to diesel was increased [30].…”

“…Despite the slight increase in NOx with the post injection, the use of butanol resulted in significantly reduced NOx emissions compared to the traditional DI diesel strategy. The use of butanol for NOx reduction has been demonstrated in previous studies [18,28].…”

“…Post injection and alternative fuel studies in compression ignition engines have been previously done by many researchers [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33]. Numerous diesel post injection studies have been carried out to determine the effects of the post injection on soot emissions [20][21][22][23][24][25].…”

“…The effect of n-butanol and ethanol on engine emissions has been investigated in numerous research studies [28][29][30][31][32][33]. Zheng et al demonstrated that direct injection of neat butanol in a diesel compression ignition (CI) engine enabled ultra-low NOx and soot emissions without using EGR but it was also found that there were operating condition limits related to the pressure rise rate and unstable combustion [28].…”

“…Zheng et al demonstrated that direct injection of neat butanol in a diesel compression ignition (CI) engine enabled ultra-low NOx and soot emissions without using EGR but it was also found that there were operating condition limits related to the pressure rise rate and unstable combustion [28]. Diesel fuel was blended with n-butanol by Liu et al and it was found that the soot emissions were reduced compared to conventional diesel fuel [29].…”