Combustion and Thermal Degradation Mechanism of a Novel Intumescent Flame Retardant for Epoxy Acrylate Containing Phosphorus and Nitrogen

Abstract

A novel phosphorus- and nitrogen-containing compound (POPHA) has been synthesized by allowing phosphorus oxychloride to react with piperazine and 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate (HEA). Its structure was characterized by FTIR, 1H NMR, and 31P NMR. A series of UV-curable flame-retardant resins were obtained by blending POPHA with EA in different ratios. The flame-retardant properties were characterized by the limiting oxygen index (LOI) and microscale combustion calorimeter (MCC). The results showed that the incorporation of POPHA into EA can improve the flame retardancy of EA dramatically. The thermal properties of the resins were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) in air atmosphere. Moreover, the thermal degradation mechanisms of the EA/POPHA were investigated by real-time Fourier transform infrared spectra (RTIR), thermogravimetric analysis/infrared spectrometry (TG-IR), and direct pyrolysis/mass (DP-MS). The morphologies of the formed chars were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) demonstrating the most effective amount of POPHA is 20 wt %.

In situsynthesis of a novel transparent poly (methyl methacrylate) resin with markedly enhanced flame retardancy

“…The Ф represents the graphite-like polynuclear aromatic structure. [30] These results suggest that the phosphate group deviates from the aliphatic structure and forms the P-O-Φ structure. These above peaks maintain as the temperature reaches 500°C, implying that the formed char in the condensed phase including C-O-Ф and O¼P-O-Ф complexes exhibits very high thermal stability, which is beneficial to the protection of the matrix beneath from combustion.…”

“…From Fig. 7b, both [23,30] The peak at 1130 cm À1 is attributed to the vibration of C-O, suggesting that the presence of Ф-O-C in the char residue. The bands at 1012 cm À1 and 1225 cm À1 correspond to the stretching vibrations of P-O and P¼O, respectively, which are attributed to the O¼P-O-Ф structure.…”

Pyrolysis and combustion study of flexible polyurethane foam

“…The other products exhibit the characteristic bands of CO 2 at 2366 cm At the second step, Figure 5(B), of the thermal degradation of FPUF in an oxidative atmosphere, the presence of CO 2 was also detected as the main gas with the peaks at 669 [20], vinyl ethers at 1692 cm -1 and symmetric and asymmetric stretching vibration N-H at 3355 cm -1 [17].…”

Recent advances in “living”/controlled radical polymerization of phosphorus-containing monomers and their potential applications

“…In 2011, a novel flame retardant for epoxy acrylate (EA) was investigated by Qian et al [21]. They synthesized a new kind of phosphorus-and nitrogen-containing compound (POPHA), which was further blended with EA.…”