Combustion and Emissions Performance of Low Sulfur, Ultra Low Sulfur and Biodiesel Blends in a DI Diesel Engine

Alam, Mahabubul; Song, Juhun; Acharya, Ragini; Boehman, André L.; Miller, Kirk

doi:10.4271/2004-01-3024

Cited by 73 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Notably, the NO x reductions were observed for biodiesel from more saturated feedstocks, in agreement with previous studies [4]. Researchers at Penn State University tested a 4-g/bhp-h NO x Cummins engine and observed a 3% reduction in NO x for a low sulfur base fuel and no change for an ultra-low sulfur base fuel [21]. Results for two engines meeting the 2.5-g/bhp-h NO x +HC level have also been reported, with NO x found to increase by 3 to 6% [22].…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Effects of Biodiesel Blends on Vehicle Emissions: Fiscal Year 2006 Annual Operating Plan Milestone 10.4

McCormick¹,

Williams²,

Ireland³

et al. 2006

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online ordering: http://www.ntis.gov/ordering.htm Printed on paper containing at least 50% wastepaper, including 20% postconsumer waste Executive SummaryBiodiesel is a fuel-blending component produced from vegetable oils, animal fats, or waste grease by reaction with methanol or ethanol to produce methyl or ethyl esters. Pure biodiesel contains approximately 10 weight percent oxygen. It is typically blended with petroleum diesel at levels up to 20% (B20). The presence of oxygen in the fuel leads to a reduction in emissions of hydrocarbons (HC) and toxic compounds, carbon monoxide (CO), and particulate matter (PM) when biodiesel blends are burned in diesel engines. These reductions are robust and have been observed in numerous engine and vehicle testing studies. Engine dynamometer studies reviewed in a 2002 report from EPA show a 2% increase in oxides of nitrogen (NO x ) emissions for B20. This perceived small increase in NO x is leading some state regulatory agencies to consider banning the use of biodiesel. Therefore, the issue of NO x emissions is potentially a significant barrier to expansion of biodiesel markets.The objective of this study was to determine if testing entire vehicles, vs. just the engines, on a heavyduty chassis dynamometer provides a better, more realistic measurement of the impact of B20 on regulated pollutant emissions. This report also documents completion of the National Renewable Energy Laboratory We reviewed more recently published engine testing studies (Table 3) and found an average change in NO x for all recent B20 studies of -0.6%±2.0% (95% confidence intervals are used throughout this report). Restricting the average to recent studies of B20 with soy biodiesel yields an average NO x impact of 0.1%±2.7%. The EPA review also includes summary of a smaller vehicle testing dataset that shows no significant impact of biodiesel on NO x . We reviewed several recently published vehicle (chassis) testing studies (Tables 4 and 5) and found an average change in NO x of 1.2%±2.9% for B20 from soy-derived biodiesel. In addition, we reviewed three portable emissions measurement system (PEMS) studies that do not find NO x to increase.Eight heavy-duty diesel vehicles were tested, including three transit buses, two school buses, two Class 8 trucks, and one motor coach. Four met the 1998 heavy-duty emissions requirement of 4 g/bhp-h NO x and four met the 2004 limit of 2.5 g/bhp-h NO x +HC. Driving cycles that simulate both urban and freeway driving were employed. Each vehicle was tested on a petroleum-derived diesel fuel and on a 20 volume percent blend of that fuel with soy-derived biodiesel. On average B20 caused PM and CO emissions to be reduced by 16% to 17% and HC emissions to be reduced by 12% relative to petroleum diesel. Emissions of these three pollutants nearly always went down, the exception being a vehicle equipped with a diesel particle filter that showed very low emissions of PM, CO, and HC; and there was no significant change in emissions for blending of B20. The NO x impact of B20 va...

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Effects of Biodiesel Blends on Vehicle Emissions: Fiscal Year 2006 Annual Operating Plan Milestone 10.4

McCormick¹,

Williams²,

Ireland³

et al. 2006

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show abstract

“…Biodiesel is receiving increasing attention day by day as an alternative fuel for diesel engines [1,2]. It can be produced from renewable sources such as virgin or even used vegetable oils and animal fats via a reaction known as transesterification [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Density, flash point and heating value variations of corn oil biodiesel–diesel fuel blends

Gülüm

Bilgin

2015

Fuel Processing Technology

160

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“…A scientific study suggested that reduction in smoke from Neem oil methyl ester (NOME)-diesel and castor oil methyl ester (COME) -diesel blends was mainly due to additional oxygen present in biodiesel, which reduced PM formation [95]. Biodiesel blended with LSD emitted lower PM mass emission compared to LSD, however no concrete trend was reported for biodiesel blended with ULSD compared to ULSD [96]. Another scientific study reported relatively lower PM mass emissions from 100% biodiesel and biodiesel blends in comparison to mineral diesel in a DI engine equipped with electronically controlled fuel pump [97].…”

Section: Particulate Mass Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Particulate emissions from biodiesel fuelled CI engines

Agarwal

Gupta

Shukla

et al. 2015

Energy Conversion and Management

103

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Combustion and Emissions Performance of Low Sulfur, Ultra Low Sulfur and Biodiesel Blends in a DI Diesel Engine

Cited by 73 publications

References 31 publications

Effects of Biodiesel Blends on Vehicle Emissions: Fiscal Year 2006 Annual Operating Plan Milestone 10.4

Effects of Biodiesel Blends on Vehicle Emissions: Fiscal Year 2006 Annual Operating Plan Milestone 10.4

Density, flash point and heating value variations of corn oil biodiesel–diesel fuel blends

Particulate emissions from biodiesel fuelled CI engines

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