Combining Internet monitoring processes, packaging and isotopic analyses to determine the market structure: Example of Gamma Butyrolactone

Pazos, Diego; Giannasi, Pauline; Rossy, Quentin; Esseiva, Pierre

doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2013.02.033

Cited by 23 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 12 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Both the material manufactured and distributed (illicit drugs, doping substances, counterfeited materials) and Web-based traces are needed to gain some understanding (Pazos et al, 2013). The monitoring of other 'similar' markets by using different traces scattered into databases owned by many stakeholders (for example, private companies such as credit cards issuers or pharmaceutical companies, police, customs) is another step.…”

Section: Beyond Intelligence and Policingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The progressive opening of forensic science toward criminological concerns

Ribaux

Crispino

Delémont

et al. 2016

Secur J

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Technology is increasingly offering new means of human behavior traceability. This situation is challenging the standing, scope and role of forensic science in the criminal Justice System. At the same time, criminology is developing methodologies that encompass virtual worlds, and deal with the increasing quantity of accessible digital data reflecting criminal behaviors. Identifying how these concerns overlap begs the question: should we reconsider the articulation of many aspects of both forensic science and criminology? This article proposes a progressive and systematic modeling activity along five steps: (i) the expression of the investigative logic of forensic science; (ii) the use of theories in environmental criminology; (iii) a more systematic search for associations between traces and between crime situations; (iv) the search for studies in diverse areas of criminology that actually or potentially rely on forensic case data and (v) the suggestion of models and methods for framing the approach.

show abstract

Section: Beyond Intelligence and Policingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The progressive opening of forensic science toward criminological concerns

Ribaux

Crispino

Delémont

et al. 2016

Secur J

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The precursors gammabutyrolactone -GBL -(also known as by such names as Renewtrient and Blue Nitro), and 1,4-butanediol (BDO) (also known as Serenity, Enliven, Somato Pro), are used in the chemical industry, and in some cleaning and cosmetic products. In excess of 200,000 tons of GBL is produced globally each year, principally in China, Germany, India and the USA (Pazos et al, 2013). It is rarely controlled under national legislation as it is a commonly used industrial solvent.…”

Section: Availabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Internet sites offering supply and distribution of GBL are mainly (60%) based in the Netherlands, but also Poland and the UK. Pazos et al (2013) identified 39 sites selling GBL in 2010/1. Some nail varnish remover pads and solutions contain GBL, and have become a source for recreational use (EMCDDA, 2002).…”

Section: Availabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Gamma hydroxybutyrate (GHB), gamma butyrolactone (GBL) and 1,4-butanediol (1,4-BD; BDO): A literature review with a focus on UK fatalities related to non-medical use

Corkery

Loi

Claridge

et al. 2015

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Misuse of gamma hydroxybutrate (GHB) and gamma butyrolactone (GBL) has increased greatly since the early 1990s, being implicated in a rising number of deaths. This paper reviews knowledge on GHB and derivatives, and explores the largest series of deaths associated with their non-medical use. Descriptive analyses of cases associated with GHB/GBL and 1,4-butanediol (1,4-BD) use extracted from the UK's National Programme on Substance Abuse Deaths database. From 1995 to September 2013, 159 GHB/GBL-associated fatalities were reported. Typical victims: White (92%); young (mean age 32 years); male (82%); with a drug misuse history (70%). Most deaths (79%) were accidental or related to drug use, the remainder (potential) suicides. GHB/GBL alone was implicated in 37%; alcohol 14%; other drugs 28%; other drugs and alcohol 15%. Its endogenous nature and rapid elimination limit toxicological detection. Post-mortem blood levels: mean 482 (range 0-6500; SD 758)mg/L. Results suggest significant caution is needed when ingesting GHB/GBL, particularly with alcohol, benzodiazepines, opiates, stimulants, and ketamine. More awareness is needed about risks associated with consumption.

show abstract

“…In the Netherlands, 39 websites which offered GBL were traced between January 2010 and December 2011; 60% of all webshops operated from the Netherlands (Pazos et al, 2013) and they mainly served customers in Germany and the UK. The price of GHB varies from €2 to €8/5 ml.…”

Section: Availability Illegal Trade and Legislationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk assessment of GBL as a substitute for the illicit drug GHB in the Netherlands. A comparison of the risks of GBL versus GHB

Amsterdam

Brunt

Pennings

et al. 2014

Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Combining Internet monitoring processes, packaging and isotopic analyses to determine the market structure: Example of Gamma Butyrolactone

Abstract: 5The Internet is becoming more and more popular among drug users. The use of websites and 6 forums to obtain illicit drugs and relevant information about the means of consumption is a

Cited by 23 publications

References 12 publications

The progressive opening of forensic science toward criminological concerns

The progressive opening of forensic science toward criminological concerns

Gamma hydroxybutyrate (GHB), gamma butyrolactone (GBL) and 1,4-butanediol (1,4-BD; BDO): A literature review with a focus on UK fatalities related to non-medical use

Risk assessment of GBL as a substitute for the illicit drug GHB in the Netherlands. A comparison of the risks of GBL versus GHB

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About