Risk assessment of GBL as a substitute for the illicit drug GHB in the Netherlands. A comparison of the risks of GBL versus GHB

An observed rise in γ-hydroxybutyrate-associated deaths in London: Evidence to suggest a possible link with concomitant rise in chemsex

“…Pure GBL is approximately three times more potent than GHB preparations. [16] In addition, alcohol or other psychoactive substances, both depressants and stimulants, may intensify the toxic effects of GHB. [1,17] The main risks of overdosing are thus from taking too much GHB/GBL, redosing too soon or taking the drug in combination with alcohol or other psychoactive substances.…”

Characteristics of the use of novel psychoactive substances (NPSs) in Hungary

“…By assessing GHBintoxicated patients and cases, we demonstrated that most of the cases occurred in 2011, followed by a decrease in such numbers. However, we also cited some recent studies (Brennan and Van Hout, 2014;van Amsterdam et al, 2014) that indicated GHB's and GBL's revolving popularity.…”

DARK Classics in Chemical Neuroscience: Gamma-Hydroxybutyrate (GHB)

“…GHB has been shown to have negative effects on the body when used in conjunction with other substances, most notably alcohol. When used together, GHB can elicit synergistic cooperativity between the depressive effects of each substance, causing the user to become unconscious. , This allows for the individual to easily be taken advantage of, as this comatose state may be mistakenly interpreted as mere inebriation by other club-goers. This demonstrates GHB’s role in fueling sexual assault within the club scene whether the drug be given surreptitiously, or taken willingly.…”