Combining headspace gas chromatography with mass spectrometry detection for confirmation of hydrocarbon residues in virgin olive oil following automatic screening

Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene, (o-, m- and p-) Xylenes and Styrene in Olive Oil

“…The use of chromatographic separation increases the analysis time in ca. 15 min although it permits the detection of the individual compounds in the low nanogram-per-milliliter level (Peña et al, 2004b). The most relevant details of both methodologies are discussed below.…”

“…The first approach is a technical note, which provides the first reference to the determination of BTEXS in olive oil samples with high sensitivity and precision, claiming for its use as the official method of analysis (Ollivier and Guerere, 2000). Three years later, Peña et al reported a research article with a systematic evaluation of the variables involved and thus providing a rigorous characterization of the analytical features of this technique for the proposed determination (Peña et al, 2004b). By maintaining the headspace conditions previously optimized, the separation of the BTEXS was accomplished on a 45 m  0.32 mm i.d.…”

Volatile Compounds in Australian Olive Oils

“…Moreover, exogenous volatile compounds such as aromatic hydrocarbons and halogenated solvent residues may occur in an edible oil such as olive oil consequential to the extraction procedure (Arrebola et al, 2005;Carrillo-Carrion et al, 2007). The situation is complicated as many volatile compounds and particularly hydrocarbons can be present in virgin olive oils either naturally or as contaminants (Pena et al, 2004). Moreover, volatile compounds may also be lost from an oil either to the atmosphere or due to absorption by packaging materials (Fiselier et al, 2005).…”

A Concise Review of Chromatographic Methods for the Analysis of Benzene and Its Metabolites

“…Comparison of two capillary columns, PONA and TCEP revealed that GC-FID with TCEP column had several advantages including simplicity of handling, high precision and accurate measurement of benzene content. 48 HS-GC coupled with MS detection was used for the analysis of BTEX in olive oil samples (Pena 2004). 49 No special sample pretreatment was necessary except the use of 600 mm 3 of ethyl acetate as a chemical modifier per 10 cm 3 of oil sample.…”

“…48 HS-GC coupled with MS detection was used for the analysis of BTEX in olive oil samples (Pena 2004). 49 No special sample pretreatment was necessary except the use of 600 mm 3 of ethyl acetate as a chemical modifier per 10 cm 3 of oil sample. The detection limit of this procedure ranged 3-9 ng/cm 3 .…”