“…More generally, the long-term decline of insectivorous birds in vineyards is directly related to the loss of semi-natural grasslands and crop intensification (Bowler et al, 2019). Birds provide multiple ecosystem services to viticulture, including biological control of insects and weeds (Whelan et al, 2015), as well as cultural values (Brambilla, Ilahiane, et al, 2017;Cumming & Maciejewski, 2017). As a result, conserving functionally diverse bird assemblages in vineyards is becoming critical, given the social and economic importance of this permanent crop production under Mediterranean-type climates (Muñoz-Sáez et al, 2020;Paiola et al, 2020).…”