Combining Conventional Lithography with Molecular Self‐Assembly for Chemical Patterning

Anderson, Mary Elizabeth; Srinivasan, Charan; Hohman, J. Nathan; Carter, E. M.; Horn, Mark W.; Weiss, Paul S.

doi:10.1002/adma.200601258

Cited by 39 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Such surfaces and functionalization chemistries are being optimized for other neurotransmitters, such as dopamine and norepinephrine. These derivatized monolayers also can be patterned into separate areas of single substrates using soft or hybrid lithographies [28,29] so as to enable multiplexed capture of biomolecule binding partners specific for individual brain neurotransmitter systems. In summary, we have designed and assembled surfaces functionalized with the small molecule serotonin that are accessible for recognition by large biomolecule binding partners.…”

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confidence: 99%

Biospecific Recognition of Tethered Small Molecules Diluted in Self‐Assembled Monolayers

et al. 2007

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A model system for the capture of large biomolecule targets by small-molecule probes has been developed using a combination of insertion self-assembly and chemical functionalization. Key to selective molecular recognition of small molecules is the ability to tether these such that they are readily accessible for binding. This is particularly challenging because the tether alters a significant fraction of the probe molecule. It is also critical to space small-molecule probes so that they are dilute and exposed, rather than clustered via phase separation on capture surfaces, particularly when trying to bind large-molecule targets (e.g., proteins, nucleic acids). [1][2][3][4][5] Optimal dilution avoids the effects of steric hindrance [6][7][8] and multivalent non-specific interactions. Dilute surface coverage is also important to enable strategies to prevent nonspecific binding. We have developed a general method for addressing these problems [5,[9][10][11][12] and apply these to surfaces functionalized with the small-molecule neurotransmitter serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; Fig. 1). Serotonin is covalently bound to tethers inserted at dilute coverage into pre-existing self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) bearing a molecular surface of oligo(ethylene glycol). We chose serotonin as our initial probe both because of its important roles as a neurotransmitter involved in anxiety and mood disorders [13] and as a prototypical small molecule for which many high-affinity binding proteins have been identified [14] but for which many more remain unknown. We demonstrate access to and specific recognition of serotonin by comparing the capture from solution of antibodies directed against serotonin versus those specific for another neurotransmitter, dopamine, or the enzyme tyrosine hydroxylase. We also show that these surfaces resist nonspecific protein adsorption of bovine serum albumin (BSA). Previous attempts by us using analogous preparations on alkylamine-functionalized sepharose beads failed because they were fraught with nonspecific binding. The assembly/synthetic strategy described produces a smallmolecule-derivatized surface capable of biospecific recognition. This approach is readily translatable to most neurotransmitters, as well as to many other small molecules. In addition to identifying selective molecular recognition elements for future biosensor applications, these serotonin-functionalized surfaces will be used in combination with mass spectrometry to identify and to characterize expression patterns of brain proteins, such as membrane-associated receptors, that selectively bind to serotonin in experiments designed to investigate the etiologies of psychiatric disorders and their treatments. [15][16][17] Serotonin-derivatized surfaces were prepared using a fourstep process. Monolayers of oligo(ethylene-glycol)-terminated alkanethiol (1) were self-assembled on Au substrates. These SAMs have been prepared previously [7,8,[18][19][20][21][22] and resist nonspecific binding of proteins (extra care is taken to minimize film ...

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Biospecific Recognition of Tethered Small Molecules Diluted in Self‐Assembled Monolayers

et al. 2007

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“…Hence, the lower content of absorbed contaminants on the ODT region will cause the surface to appear brighter. [20,21] A PS/PAA blend with 70:30 composition ratio was spin-coated on the gold template with patterned MUAM/ODT monolayers, with a 300 nm/700 nm scale. Figure 3a clearly shows the presence of a side-by-side PS/PAA film, with the dark areas being PS and the light areas PAA.…”

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Directed Assembly of Polymer Blends Using Nanopatterned Templates

et al. 2009

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The direct assembly of polymer blends on chemically functionalized surfaces is shown to produce a variety of nonuniform complex patterns. This method provides a powerful tool for easily producing nonuniform patterns in a rapid (30 s), one‐step process with high specificity and selectivity for a variety of applications, such as nanolithography, polymeric optoelectronic devices, integrated circuits, and biosensors.

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“…30,31 However, the surface templating employs conventional lithographic or micromachining methods for patterning specific features onto the surface. After this patterning step, molecules or particles are then deposited with local ordering.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Directed self‐assembly by photostimulation of an amorphous semiconductor surface

Kondratenko

Seebauer

2010

AIChE Journal

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A method for nanoscale directed self-assembly is demonstrated that employs an amorphous semiconductor containing subcritical nuclei for crystallization. This strategy combines attractive features of top-down and bottom-up approaches by exploiting the self-organization capabilities latent in amorphous materials, but in a way that can be controlled by optical or electron beam exposure tools. The method was demonstrated with amorphous TiO 2 deposited on silicon, heated to 270 C, and exposed to low-level ultraviolet light.

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Combining Conventional Lithography with Molecular Self‐Assembly for Chemical Patterning

Cited by 39 publications

References 20 publications

Biospecific Recognition of Tethered Small Molecules Diluted in Self‐Assembled Monolayers

Biospecific Recognition of Tethered Small Molecules Diluted in Self‐Assembled Monolayers

Directed Assembly of Polymer Blends Using Nanopatterned Templates

Directed self‐assembly by photostimulation of an amorphous semiconductor surface

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