Combined use of daily and hourly data sets for the source apportionment of particulate matter near a waste incinerator plant

PM2.5 monitoring campaigns were conducted in 2006, 2010, and 2011 in Tula de Hidalgo, Mexico, a highly industrialized area which includes a refinery, a thermoelectric power plant, five cement plants, limestone mining, and industrial waste combustion. These data establish baselines and trends against which later concentrations can be compared as emission reduction plans are implemented. PM 2.5 mass, chemical composition, and 15 particle-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were measured at two sites. PM2.5 masses ranged from 26 to 31 µg m −3 . Carbonaceous aerosols were the largest PM2.5 component, accounting for 47-57% of the mass. Approximately 40-51% of the carbonaceous aerosol was attributed to secondary organic carbon. Ionic species accounted for 40-44% of PM2.5, with sulfate being the dominant ion. The sum of particle-bound PAH concentrations ranged from 14−31 ng m −3 . Six factors derived from Principal Component Analysis (PCA) explained ~ 85% of the PM2.5 variance. The derived factors were associated with sources based on marker species resulting in heavy-oil combustion (22% of variance), vehicle engine exhaust (13-19% of variance), fugitive dust (18% of variance), biomass burning (9-13% of variance), secondary aerosols (14% of variance), and industrial emissions (6-10% of variance). Combustion of solid waste (e.g., tires and industrial waste) of the recycling cement kilns and incinerators resulted in elevated toxic species such as, Cd, and Sb in the range of 0.02-0.3 µg m −3 .A health risk assessment of carcinogenic trace elements was performed showing that the total cancer risk decreased for both children and adults in 2010/2011 (ranging from 3.5×10 −6 to 6.0×10 −5 ) as compared to 2006 (ranging from 8.6×10 −7 to 5.7×10 −6 ). The inhalation life-time cancer risk (ILCR) for particle-bound PAHs ranged from 8.6×10 −5 to 1.2×10 −4 .Air quality can be improved by switching to cleaner fuels and benefit from the use of natural gas instead of fuel oil in the power plant.

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“…Elements such as Zn and Pb are related to incineration and open waste burning (Lucarelli et al, 2019),…”

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pb, Cr, and Sb can be released by cement plant and metal manufacturing processes in TEP (Taiwo et al, 2014;Hua et al, 2016), while Cr, Co, NO3 -, and Clmay originate from waste incinerator plants and metal industries in JAS (Taiwo et al, 2014;Liu et al, 2017;Lucarelli et al, 2019).…”

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Particle-bound PAHs and Chemical Composition, Sources and Health Risk of PM2.5 in a Highly Industrialized Area

Vega

López-Veneroni²,

Ramírez

et al. 2021

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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“…Figure 4b shows that a good correlation exists among all these elements except Ni and, therefore, it is likely that a common source arose for As, Ca, K, Na, Sr, and Zn in 2014. Direct incinerator emissions are conceivable sources for As, K, Na, and Zn: Zn is the most common elemental marker of incinerator emissions [13,14,[47][48][49][50], but As is also reported to be emitted by incinerator plants [18,47,49,51]; the behavior of Na may be explained considering that NaHCO 3 is used at the Turin incinerator plant for the abatement of acids from vapor emissions [21], while K is a common marker of biomass burning events [14]. Considering the position of K + and K in the loading plot, in particular with respect to Zn and T avg, it is possible to hypothesize that the water-soluble form of K is the most strongly related to domestic heating, while its total content might include a contribution from a different source.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In recent years, according to the European directives (e.g., 2008/98/CE), landfill waste disposal has been progressively abandoned in favor of procedures which allow the recovery of materials and energy [14][15][16]. Waste-to-energy incinerators are waste treatment plants able to convert municipal solid waste into energy, generating ash and gas as residues [16,17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The modern plants are equipped with an efficient system for the removal of pollutants from the gaseous emissions. Therefore, according to the stricter and stricter emission limits set by the local and European regulations, the gas and particle emissions are generally extremely low [14,[18][19][20]. However, it is possible that malfunctions, together with specific meteorological conditions, cause the limits to be exceeded [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Contribution of the Incinerator to the Inorganic Composition of the PM10 Collected in Turin

et al. 2020

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Modern incinerator plants are equipped with an efficient system for the removal of pollutants and, hence, the gas and particle emissions are generally extremely low. However, it is possible that malfunctions, together with specific meteorological conditions, temporarily cause significant emissions. In this study, the evolution of the inorganic composition of PM10 samples collected in the vicinity of the Turin incinerator before and after its commissioning was assessed. The purpose was to identify the PM sources present in the area, and to evaluate if the operation of the incinerator caused an increase of the concentration of some species. Significant differences were registered among the composition of samples collected in 2012 and 2014, as the latter year was characterized by higher concentrations of Al, As, Ba, Ca, K, Na, Ni, Pb, Sr, and Zn. Considering the position of the incinerator and of the monitoring station, it seems that this increment was not directly caused by the plant emissions. The most probable source of these elements is the highway vehicular traffic, which might have increased due to the travelling of trucks carrying wastes to the incinerator. However, a direct contribution deriving from the incinerator emissions cannot be excluded.

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A multi-year source apportionment of PM2.5 at multiple sites in the southern Po Valley (Italy)

Scotto

Bacco

Lasagni³

et al. 2021

Atmospheric Pollution Research

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Combined use of daily and hourly data sets for the source apportionment of particulate matter near a waste incinerator plant

Cited by 14 publications

References 35 publications

Particle-bound PAHs and Chemical Composition, Sources and Health Risk of PM2.5 in a Highly Industrialized Area

Particle-bound PAHs and Chemical Composition, Sources and Health Risk of PM2.5 in a Highly Industrialized Area

Contribution of the Incinerator to the Inorganic Composition of the PM10 Collected in Turin

A multi-year source apportionment of PM2.5 at multiple sites in the southern Po Valley (Italy)

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