Combined toxicities of cadmium and five agrochemicals to the larval zebrafish (Danio rerio)

Abstract

Different pollutants usually co-exist in the natural environment, and the ecological and health risk assessment of agrochemicals needs to be carried out based on the combined toxicological effects of pollutants. To examine the combined toxicity to aquatic organisms, the effects of cadmium (Cd) and five pesticides (acetamiprid, carbendazim, azoxystrobin, chlorpyrifos, and bifenthrin) mixture on zebrafish (Danio rerio) larvae were assessed. The data from the 96-h toxicity test indicated that bifenthrin possessed the highest toxicity to D. rerio with the LC50 value of 0.15 mg L−1, followed by chlorpyrifos (0.36 mg L−1) and azoxystrobin (0.63 mg L−1). Cd (6.84 mg L−1) and carbendazim (8.53 mg L−1) induced the intermediate toxic responses, while acetamiprid (58.39 mg L−1) presented the lowest toxicity to the organisms. Pesticide mixtures containing chlorpyrifos and bifenthrin or acetamiprid and carbendazim showed synergistic impacts on the zebrafish. Besides, two binary combinations of Cd-acetamiprid and Cd-chlorpyrifos also displayed a synergistic effect on D. rerio. Our results offered a better idea of the mixed ecological risk assessment of Cd and different agricultural chemicals to aquatic organisms. Our findings better interpreted how the interaction between Cd and various agrochemicals changed their toxicity to aquatic vertebrates and provided valuable insights into critical impacts on the ecological hazard of their combinations.

Danio rerio: A Sustainable Model for Monitoring Pollutants in Aquatic Environments

“…Zebrafish embryo test Crude oil component [25] Danio rerio long-term exposure Metformin [26] Zebrafish antagonistic test Deltamethrin [27] Adult zebrafish behavioral test Cannabinoids [28] Early life stage zebrafish assay Sediment [29] Acute-Chronic test Lead [30] Early life stage zebrafish assay Sodium Hypochloride [31] Combined toxicity test Agrochemicals [32] Adult zebrafish behavioral test Triclosan [33]…”

Molecular and Biochemical Evidence of the Toxic Effects of Terbuthylazine and Malathion in Zebrafish

“…As in humans, a compound should enter an organism, overcome metabolic processes and cross the blood–brain barriers of zebrafish to affect it. There are numerous findings that assume oxidative stress signs, inflammation, disturbances in neural and immune systems, as well as disruption in hormonal pathways in zebrafish after pesticide exposure [ 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 ]. Furthermore, zebrafish have an inherent integrative conserved physiology and possess all the main organs and physiological systems of humans, which may not be obvious at first glance.…”

Antagonistic Toxic Effects of Surfactants Mixtures to Bacteria Pseudomonas putida and Marine Microalgae Phaeodactylum tricornutum

“…Consequently, after their use, mixtures of surfactants of a different nature are discharged together in water streams. In recent years, several toxicological studies concerning pollutants have focused on the joint toxicological assessment of co-pollutants, revealing that multiple interactions between toxics can appear and need to be described [9][10][11][12][13]. In the case of surfactants, while individual studies of them can provide valuable information, they may not reflect real-world exposure to multiple surfactants at once.…”