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The aim of this study was to investigate the seasonal and spatial variations in surface water quality at the mid-Black Sea coast of Turkey. The samples were collected from ten monitoring stations including rivers and sea water during the years from 2007 to 2008. The samples were analyzed for 25 parameters: total carbon, total inorganic carbon, total organic carbon, chromium, cadmium, copper, lead, iron, nickel, manganese, phenol, surfactants, ammonium, nitrite and nitrate-nitrogen, total phosphorus, adsorbable organic halogen, sulfate, hardness, dissolved oxygen, pH, temperature, total dissolved solids, electrical conductivity, and salinity. Multivariate statistical techniques, cluster analysis (CA) and factor analysis/principal component analysis (FA/PCA), were applied to analyze the similarities among the sampling sites to identify the source apportionment of pollution parameters in surface waters. The results indicate that seven factors for river water explained 82.24% of the variance. In seawater, seven factors account for 89.65% of the total variance. Varifactors obtained from factor analysis indicate that the parameters responsible for water quality variations are mainly related to organic pollution (municipal effluents), inorganic pollution (industrial effluents and waste disposal areas), nutrients (agricultural runoff), and dissolved salts (soil leaching and runoff process).

The aim of this study was to investigate the water and sediment quality in the mid-Black Sea coast of Turkey. The samples were collected from six stations during 2007. Investigated parameters were total carbon (TC), total inorganic carbon (TIC), total organic carbon (TOC), ammonium-nitrogen (NH 4 -N), nitrate-nitrogen (NO 3 -N), nitrite-nitrogen (NO 2 -N), total phosphorus (TP), sulphate, total hardness, methylene blue active substances (MBAS), phenol, adsorbable organic halogens (AOX), dissolved oxygen (DO), pH and electrical conductivity (EC) in water samples and TC, TIC, TOC, TP, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), redox potential (Eh) and water content (WC) in sediment samples. Different multivariate statistical techniques were used to evaluate variations in surface water and sediment quality. Principal component analysis helped in identifying the factors or sources responsible for water and sediment quality variations. Five factors were found responsible for 87.63% of the total variance in the surface waters. In sediments, three factors explained 84.73% of the observed total variance. Cluster analysis classified the monitoring sites into two groups based on similarities of water and sediment quality characteristics.

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A macro and microalgae are widely used in environmental and biotechnological applications due to their unique natural properties. Algae groups are aquatic organisms that can be found in many parts of the world and vary in size from 3-10 μ to 70 cm. Algae are divided into two as prokaryotic (microalgae) and eukaryotic (macroalgae) according to their biological formations. "Cyanophyta" as microalgae and "Phaeophyta, Rhodophyta, Chlorophyta, Flagelleta" as macro algae are known. Dunaliella salina is a living thing that can live in saltwater ecosystems and belong to the microgreen algae group. Since these algae are a natural source of beta-carotene, they are of particular importance in the cosmetics and food industries compared to other green microalgae species. Almost all algae groups are used for different purposes in a wide variety of sectors. Dunaliella spp. types are used extensively in areas such as the energy sector (bio fuel), cosmetics, medical applications, bioplastic production, wastewater treatment, food industry. In addition, the most basic effect parameter of pink color formation in lakes with salt content due to seasonal changes is D. salina, which is not an environmental problem. Increasing environmental pollution, unconscious energy consumption, and climate change have led countries to seek alternative solutions to environmental issues and to develop environmentally friendly-technological methods. For sustainable environmental management and minimization of pollution; The benefits of using algae species have been demonstrated by different applications. In the literature, D. salina has focused on algae production and the use of pigments in the cosmetics and food industry. The aim of this study is to investigate the recent researches on D. salina and reveal the importance of this algae, especially in terms of sustainable environment and energy.

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