Combined Precipitative and Colloidal Fouling of Reverse Osmosis Membranes

A critical review on diverse technologies for advanced wastewater treatment during SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: What do we know?

“…According to the USA Environmental Protection Agency, RO is the best technology to remove inorganic contaminants such as radionuclides (alpha and beta emitters) and heavy metals (such as arsenic and antimony) from contaminated groundwater. Thus, bromoform and iodoform in disinfected water can be controlled effectively with RO treatment ( Table 3 ) ( Wang et al 2019 , Samaei et al 2020 ).…”

Silica Fouling in Reverse Osmosis Systems–Operando Small-Angle Neutron Scattering Studies

“…Furthermore, there are several interaction mechanisms between the colloidal particles, as discussed in Section 3, as well as between the colloid and the membrane surface [13,14]. In addition, it was found that mineral scaling [15] and membrane surface functional groups [16,17] due to organic fouling affect the extent and properties of colloidal fouling on RO and nanofiltration (NF) membranes. The process of colloidal fouling appears mostly to be controlled by the competition of the permeation drag force due to permeation flux and the electric double layer repulsion potential between colloid and membrane [8][9][10].…”

“…Figure15. Schematic cross-section of the channel of the RO-MC cell with dimensions of the middle window and brackish water membrane BW30LE at 25 bar showing feed solution and cake layer on top of the membrane surface.…”