Direct recycling of discarded reverse osmosis membranes for domestic wastewater treatment with a focus on water reuse

Effect of hydrophobized PET TeMs membrane pore-size on saline water treatment by direct contact membrane distillation

“…[11][12][13][14][15] In response to these considerations, membrane technology is increasingly being incorporated into certain stages of water treatment processes. [16][17][18][19] Among the most well-known traditional methods of water desalination, such as electrodialysis, 20,21 direct and reverse osmosis, [22][23][24][25] nano-, 26,27 micro-, 28,29 ultraltration, 30,31 membrane distillation (MD) has prospects for widespread practical application due to the low operating temperature and pressure, high rejection of non-volatile components, and ability to use low-grade heat source. [32][33][34] Indeed, membrane distillation can be implemented in various congurations with different setups and designs.…”

Sustainability in Membrane Technology: Membrane Recycling and Fabrication Using Recycled Waste

“…Recycling membranes and utilizing recovered waste material for their fabrication can effectively address both resource and water scarcity challenges while concurrently reducing the generated waste amount and its associated environmental impact occurring upon their disposal [30,[42][43][44]. The suggested approach not only makes the membranebased water treatment process sustainable but it also further aligns it with the concept of a circular economy.…”