Combined photocatalytic and fungal processes for the treatment of nitrocellulose industry wastewater

Treatment of hazardous wastewater contaminated by nitrocellulose

“…• End pipe effluent from the factory will be free from energetic material and after neutralization with lime, to precipitate the sulfate, can be reused as irrigation water for non-edible plants, according to the applied Law in Egypt, (Appendix 1). • It is to be noticed that from previous studies degradation of nitrocellulose reached 92.6% by combined fungi and photo catalytic process [34] while in the present case recovery for reuse of NC reached 87%. …”

“…One of the combinations described in the literature for cellulose industry effluent treatment is the use of heterogeneous photo catalysis in combination with biological treatment [29][30][31][32][33]. Fungus and photo catalysis in combination proved to be the best treatment, reducing the color, total phenol, toxicity and TOC by 94.2%, 92.6%, 4.9% and 62%, respectively [34].…”

Simultaneous oxidative degradation of toxic acid wastewater from production of nitrocellulose and release of Mn2+ from low-grade MnO2 ore as oxidant

“…Typical disposal procedures for the NAW essentially cover three step reactions, i.e. acid–base neutralization and precipitation, advanced oxidation and biological treatment . However, this method is very costly because it applies massive amounts of expensive oxidants and alkali materials .…”

Effect of <i>Chytriomyces hyalinus</i> on Industrial Wastewater Pre-Treated with Electrocoagulations in a Continuous System

“…Some recordings about fungus aerobic treatments on industrial wastewater presents a 90% reduction in color, turbidity and phenols amount [4,5], an 80% in ammonia denitrification [6][7][8], 50% Cr (VI) loss [9] also 80 % nitrite and nitrate diminution [2]. Some fungi species such as Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus oryzae, Penicillium corylophilum and Trichoderma viridae can be used as treatments with a 50% -80% efficiency range showing a COD decrease on industrial wastewater [10][11][12].…”

“…In many cases, industrial wastewater inhibit the degradation ability of the biological treatments probably due to its effluent character that commonly contains several organic and inorganic pollutants such as phenols, solvents, aromatics, organic matter, metals, dyes, nitrate, nitrite, chloride and salts [6,7,[21][22][23][24]. In order to solve this problem and increase the efficiency, some authors coupled them with ozono, photocatalysis [4] filtrations [22], Fenton reactions [25,26], chemical coagulants [27,28] and lastly Fe and Al electrocoagulantion [25,29,30]. Electrocoagulations consists in the formation of metallic hydroxide such as Fe(OH) 2 and Al(OH) 3 within wastewater by electrodissolution of a soluble anode, this method frequently uses electrodes made of iron (Fe) or aluminum (Al); four phases can be observed: firstly an electrolytic reaction at electrode surfaces, secondly the formation of coagulants in the aqueous phase, then the adsorption of soluble or colloidal pollutants on metallic coagulants, and finally the removal by sedimentation or flotation [25,31,32].…”