Combined percutaneous and endoscopic procedures for bile duct obstruction.

Usefulness of the Rendezvous Technique for Biliary Stricture after Adult Right-Lobe Living-Donor Liver Transplantation with Duct-To-Duct Anastomosis

“…[1][2][3][4] The combined technique increases the success rate of biliary tract cannulation and thus facilitates the diagnosis and treatment of biliary tract disorders. [5][6][7] Regarding biliary complication after liver transplantation, a few cases were reported that support the usefulness of the rendezvous technique in biliary leakage from bile duct anastomosis or anastomotic biliary stricture and biliary stones.…”

Endoscopic ultrasound guided biliary drainage

“…91% (1 failure [25] 4 100% 100% CDS 4 7 F PS 3 Peritonitis and bleeding 1 Occlusion 1 5 F NBD 1 Tarantino et al [23] 8 100% 100% CDS 4 10 F PS ------RTPS 4 Yamao et al [24] 5 100% 100% CDS 5 7-8.5 F PS Pneumoperitoneum 1 Migration 1 Occlusion 5 Kahaleh and Maranki et al [10,12,16,29] Park et al [28] 14 100% 100% CDS 5 FCSEMS Pneumoperitoneum 2 Migration 1 HGS 9 Lai et al [32] 1 100% 100% CDS 1 10 F PS --------Martins et al [33] 1 100% 100% HGS PCSEMS ----Migration 1 (dead) Park et al [34] 5 100% 100% HGS FCSEMS ------Nguyen-Tang et al [35] 5 100% 100% TPSA USEMS ------Kim et al [26] 15 80% (3 failure) 100% RTPS USEMS 8 ------10 F PS 4 Belletrutti et al [36] 1 100% 100% CDS FCSEMS ------Iwamuro et al [37] 7 100% 72% CDS 10 F PS Peritonitis 2 Occlusion 2 Eum et al [34] 3 100% 100% CDS 2 FCSEMS ------HGS 1 Artifon et al [38] 3 100% 100% CDS PCSEMS ------Artifon et al [39] 1 100% 100% CA PCSEMS ------Siddiqui et al [40] 8 100% 88% CDS FCSEMS Duodenal perforation 1 ---Fabbri et al [31] 16 75% (4 failure) 100% CDS 9 PCSEMS Pneumoperitoneum 1 ---RTPS 3 Table 1 Reports with self-expandable metallic stent placement SEMS: Self-expandable metallic stent.…”

“…Some disadvantages with the percutaneous approach include the need to traverse the liver, a decreased quality of life due to the presence of external drainages and a significant morbidity and mortality, 7% and 5% respectively [4][5] . Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) is a widely accepted modality for the diagnosis of gastrointestinal and pancreatobiliary diseases.…”

“…However, even if the procedure is performed by skillful endoscopist, there are patients in whom endoscopic stent placement is not possible. Common causes of failure include complex peri-papillary diverticula, prior surgery procedures (such as gastrectomy with Billroth Ⅱ anastomosis), tumor involvement of the papilla, biliary sphincter stenosis, and impacted stones [4] . In these cases percutaneous trans-hepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) or surgical intervention is required, although both these methods carry morbidity and mortality.…”

Interventional endoscopic ultrasound: Therapeutic capability and potential

“…Biliary and/or pancreatic duct cannulation and visualization are successful with ERCP in a high percentage of cases managed by experienced hands. Common causes of failure include complex peripapillary diverticula, prior surgery procedures (such as gastrectomy with Billroth Ⅱ anastomosis), tumor involvement of the papilla, biliary sphincter stenosis, and impacted stones [32] . Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC) and surgery are alternative approaches to access and drain obstructed ducts.…”