Combined NMR and LC−DAD-MS Analysis Reveals Comprehensive Metabonomic Variations for Three Phenotypic Cultivars of Salvia Miltiorrhiza Bunge

Abstract

Metabonomic analysis is an important molecular phenotyping method for understanding plant ecotypic variations and gene functions. Here, we systematically characterized the metabonomic variations associated with three Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (SMB) cultivars using the combined NMR and LC-DAD-MS detections in conjunction with multivariate data analysis. Our results indicated that NMR methods were effective to quantitatively detect the abundant plant metabolites including both the primary and secondary metabolites whereas the LC-DAD-MS methods were excellent for selectively detecting the secondary metabolites. We found that the SMB metabonome was dominated by 28 primary metabolites including sugars, amino acids, and carboxylic acids and 4 polyphenolic secondary metabolites, among which N-acetylglutamate, asparate, fumurate, and yunnaneic acid D were reported for the first time in this plant. We also found that three SMB cultivars growing at the same location had significant metabonomic differences in terms of metabolisms of carbohydrates, amino acids, and choline, TCA cycle, and the shikimate-mediated secondary metabolisms. We further found that the same SMB cultivar growing at different locations differed in their metabonome. These results provided important information on the ecotypic dependence of SMB metabonome on the growing environment and demonstrated that the combination of NMR and LC-MS methods was effective for plant metabonomic phenotype analysis.

Metabolomic Profile Characteristics of <i>Pyropia haitanensis</i> as Affected by Harvest Time

“…The metabolite composition of seaweeds in this study was only quantitatively different from that derived from Xiapu city. Such a quantitative not qualitative difference has also been observed in other plants such as chamomile (Wang et al, 2004), Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (Dai et al, 2010), pistachios (Sciubba et al, 2014) and green coffee bean (Kwon et al, 2015).…”

Acute metabolic response of Portunus trituberculatus to Vibrio alginolyticus infection

“…A total of 64 scans for tissue spectra were collected into 32 k data points with a spectral width of 20 ppm centered at the water resonance. For resonance signal assignment purpose, two-dimensional (2D) NMR experiments were acquired and processed as described previously (Dai et al, 2010), including 1 H\ \ 1 H correlation spectroscopy (COSY), 1 H\ \ 1 H total correlation spectroscopy (TOCSY), 1 H\ \ 13 C heteronuclear multiple bond correlation (HMBC), and 1 H\ \ 13 C heteronuclear single quantum correlation (HSQC) spectra. In COSY and TOCSY, a total of 128 increments and 64 scans were accumulated into 2 k data points with a spectral width of 10.5 ppm for each dimension.…”

Plant Metabolomics: A Characterisation of Plant Responses to Abiotic Stresses

“…A comparison between MS and NMR techniques have been reviewed by Krishnan et al (2005). More recently Dai et al (2010aDai et al ( , 2010b successfully applied and combined NMR and LC-DAD-MS analysis to investigate the metabolic variations of three cultivars of Salvia milthiorrhiza Bunge (SMB), as well as changes induced by water depletion. The combination of these two analytical techniques has allowed the detection of both the primary and secondary metabolites content.…”