Combined liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. Part III. Applications of thermospray

Abstract

In Part I1 (9), the basic instrument setup of the thermospray (TS) interface was described. This device was originally designed as a general direct coupling technique to a liquid chromatograph (LC/TS/MS), but it is often used in a direct flow injection mode (TS / MS). General operating principles, optimization strategies, and possible ionization mechanisms were also reviewed and commented on in Part 11. This third part in the series of reviews dedicated to LC / MS coupling techniques covers analytical applications using a thermospray interface. The covered literature being particularly abundant, inorganic applications when using a thermospray nebulizer as a sampling device for spectroscopic methods other than mass spectrometry (for example, atomic absorption or emission spectroscopy, inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy, etc.) and direct coupling of the TS interface to supercritical fluid chromatography have been purposely omitted. The same convention for the numbering system as in Part I and I1 is again adopted in this text. The term "thermospray" is unambiguous only when it covers a mechanical device that samples a liquid solution introduced into a mass spectrometer. Consequently, LC /TS/MS was purposely chosen, instead of other frequently used abbreviations and expressions such as thermospray LC/MS, TS-LC/MS, etc., because LC/TS/MS correctly describes the logical order of the chained instruments or techniques used.

Determination of organophosphate flame retardants and plasticizers in lipid-rich matrices using dispersive solid-phase extraction as a sample cleanup step and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry

“…The most interesting thing observed in the APCI-MS was that although the UHPLC-MS/MS was performed with APCI(+) source, the actual ionization mechanism might be a thermospray ionization process [32] in some operation situations. When the corona voltage was reduced from 4.5 kV to 0 kV the response for most OPEs was still very high (Fig.…”

Analytical methods to determine phytoestrogenic compounds

“…In 1980s and early 1990s, thermospray (TSP) interface was primarily used in many LC-MS analyses. However, because of practical limitations of instrumental robustness and ion source stability, this interface has now been replaced by the new atmospheric pressure ionization (API) methods, which predominantly comprise electrospray ionization (ESI) and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) [145][146][147][148][149].…”

The coupling of gas and liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry

“…Sensitivity is, however, highly compound-dependent and not especially good in the case of large compounds such as peptides, saccharides and lipids. TSP theory and applications have been reviewed by Yergey et al 15 and Arpino.66,67 Although TSP has gradually given way to the new atmospheric pressure ionization technology, it can be considered as the technique that e †ectively bridged the gap between practical LC/MS and bioanalysis for a wide variety of sample types.…”