Combined Influence of Barium Sulfate Content and Co-monomer Concentration on Properties of PMMA Bone Cements for Vertebroplasty

Abstract

In this work, the combined influence of barium sulfate content and co-monomer concentration on the properties of acrylic bone cement for percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) was investigated using a response surface methodology. Cements were prepared with methyl methacrylate (MMA) and either diethyl amino ethyl methacrylate (DEAEM) or dimethyl amino ethyl methacrylate (DMAEM) as co-monomer in the liquid phase, while variable amounts of barium sulfate were incorporated to the solid phase in order to improve the radiopacity of cements. It was found that various properties such as peak temperature, setting time, residual monomer content, mechanical properties and injectability, had an effect on the occurrence of interactions (combined effect) between the barium sulfate and DEAEM in bone cements formulations when independent variables were at their maximum.

Effects of concentration and surface silanization of barite on the mechanical and physical properties of poly(lactic acid)/barite composites

“…9,10 BR containing polymer composites have found effective usage in medical, industrial, and construction applications, thanks to BR that provides improvements on radioactivity shielding, 11,12 mechanical, 13,14 abrasion resistance, 15 -19 and sound isolation 20,21 performances. Additionally, based on a literature survey, BR has been used as an additive for several polymer matrices, including polypropylene, 22 -24 polystyrene–polypropylene blends, 25,26 polyethylene terephthalate, 27 polytetrafluoroethylene, 28 polymethylmethacrylate, 29 polydimethylsiloxane elastomer, 30 polyurethane elastomer, 31 natural rubber, 32 and styrene–butadiene rubber. 33 A few number of studies were obtained in the literature regarding the BR containing PLA.…”

Modified Bone Cement: A Reprieve for Horizontal Bone Defects

“…8 Barium sulfate and zirconium oxide, which are used to render the PMMA radiopaque, reduce its mechanical strength. 28 But addition of radiopaque ceramic nanoparticles like nanoMgO and nanoBaSO 4 does not have a significant effect on mechanical strength of the material. They also improve osteoblast adhesion; nanoMgO has also been shown to minimize tissue necrosis.…”

Effect of barium-coated halloysite nanotube addition on the cytocompatibility, mechanical and contrast properties of poly(methyl methacrylate) cement

“… 14 , 15 A major focus has been on the inclusion and testing of various additives or fillers designed to improve or remediate the mechanical, thermal and biological deficiencies in conventional PMMA. 16 , 17 Researchers have studied combinations of PMMA bone cement and several micro- and nanoparticles, including barium sulfate, 18 carbon nanotubes, 19 , 20 chitosan, 21 collagen, 22 clays, 23 , 24 hydroxyapatite, 25 , 26 magnesium oxide, 27 silica 28 , 29 and silver nanoparticles 30 (refer the study by Lewis 17 for an extensive review of these, and other additives, and their effects on PMMA).…”