Combined eye-tracking and luminance measurements while driving on a rural road: Towards determining mesopic adaptation luminance

Abstract

In order to implement the recommended Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage (CIE) system for mesopic photometry to roads, it is necessary to define the relevant visual field and adaptation luminance in night-time driving conditions. We measured three drivers' eye tracking on a rural road at night and in daytime, and the simultaneous luminance for the corresponding parts of the scene on lit and unlit sections of the road at night. Fields of view with circular sizes of 18, 58, 108, 158 and 208, with the centre point at the mode of the gaze distributions of the drivers, were used as initial estimates of the visual adaptation field. In both the lit and unlit sections, the variation within subject and between subjects in the mean luminance decreased as the size of the circular field increased. However, the mean luminances of all of the circular fields in the unlit section were higher than in the lit section due to the use of high-beam headlights in the unlit section.

Luminance-Corrected 3D Point Clouds for Road and Street Environments

“…However, the method can also be used to evaluate the glare in the surrounding area. Luminance-corrected 3D point cloud could also be combined with eye-tracking data [4]. A detailed 3D point cloud produced by TLS also allows for the detection of the shadowing objects, poles, pole orientations, traffic signs, road markings, information boards, and other objects along the road.…”

“…Design of new road lighting setups, and retrofitting of old ones is affected by energy efficiency requirements [1] and by the ban of mercury lamps [2]. The increased awareness of mesopic vision may also affect the design of road lighting (e.g., [3,4]). The measurements of traffic lighting conditions are used to evaluate the performance of the lighting installation on road surfaces, road markings and furniture, or the glare from luminaires on surrounding areas can be investigated.…”

The effect of assuming static or dynamic gaze behaviour on the estimated background luminance of drivers

“…10 The gaze direction of a driver is dynamic, constantly moving to different regions of the visual field, in part determined by experience and distractions. 17,[21][22][23] As a result, different parts of the visual field stimulate different parts of the retina, and this puts the retina into a state of continuous transient adaptation. 24 Transient adaptation is the state of changing adaptation when the visual system is not completely adapted to the prevailing illumination, e.g.…”

Gaze direction when driving after dark on main and residential roads: Where is the dominant location?

“…A field size analysis such as that of Cengiz et al 7 should consider an elliptical field in addition to a circular distribution. One caveat is that the primitive shapes do not represent the actual Gaussian distribution of the data, because they are flat, equally weighting the area within.…”

“…A limitation of this approach is that, for pedestrians at least, eye movement when walking in a natural setting does not match those found when watching a video of the same setting 6 . Cengiz et al 7 did record eye tracking whilst driving in order to investigate the effect of size of a circular field (subtending 1°, 5°, 10°, 15° and 20° at the eye) on adaptation luminance but did not consider visual fields of shape other than circular.…”