Luminance-Corrected 3D Point Clouds for Road and Street Environments

Abstract

Abstract:A novel approach to evaluating night-time road and street environment lighting conditions through 3D point clouds is presented. The combination of luminance imaging and 3D point cloud acquired with a terrestrial laser scanner was used for analyzing 3D luminance on the road surface. A calculation of the luminance (cd/m 2 ) was based on the RGB output values of a Nikon D800E digital still camera. The camera was calibrated with a reference luminance source. The relative orientation between the luminance images and intensity image of the 3D point cloud was solved in order to integrate the data sets into the same coordinate system. As a result, the 3D model of road environment luminance is illustrated and the ability to exploit the method for evaluating the luminance distribution on the road surface is presented. Furthermore, the limitations and future prospects of the methodology are addressed. The method provides promising results for studying road lighting conditions OPEN ACCESSRemote Sens. 2015, 7 11390in future lighting optimizations. The paper presents the methodology and its experimental application on a road section which consists of five luminaires installed on one side of a two-lane road in Otaniemi, Espoo, Finland.

Characterisation of Intensity Values on Terrestrial Laser Scanning for Recording Enhancement

“…Vaaja et al (2015) used a combination of luminance imaging and 3D point cloud acquired with a terrestrial laser scanner to evaluate night-time road lighting conditions.…”

Camera preparation and performance for 3D luminance mapping of road environments

“…Moreover, we consider the luminance data will extend the analysis potential of laser-scanned road environments. Examples of combining imaging sensors with 3D data can be found for thermal images (Previtali et al, 2012) and luminance images (Vaaja et al, 2015). Furthermore, 3D modeling and analysis have been applied with a sunlight factor (Zhang et al, 2014).…”

“…A typical implementation is to integrate digital cameras on the same platform with a laser scanner for obtaining color values. For combining luminance imaging with a 3D point cloud for analyzing luminance on the road surface, a TLS has been used (Vaaja et al, 2015). However, TLS is a time-consuming method for measuring large road networks.…”

Nationwide Point Cloud—The Future Topographic Core Data

“…In addition to LS, point clouds can be obtained with stereophotogrammetry, depth camera based techniques [9], or synthetic aperture radar (SAR) [10]. Other imaging sensors, such as thermal cameras, can add information to point clouds [11]. left unsolved due to high costs.…”