Combined Effects of Copper and Temperature on Antioxidant Enzymes in the Black Rockfish Sebastes schlegeli

Abstract

Copper has been widely used to control algae and pathogens in fish culture ponds. However, its toxic effects on fish depend not only on its concentration in the water but also on the water quality. A laboratory experiment was conducted to assess copper toxicity in the black rockfish Sebastes schlegeli using a panel of antioxidant enzymes, including glutathione (GSH), glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), at different levels of copper at three water temperatures (WT, 18, 23, 28°C) for 4 days. After exposure to two copper concentrations (100 and 200 μg/L), GSH levels and GST activities increased significantly, depending on WT (P < 0.05) in the liver, gill, and kidney of the black rockfish. GPx and SOD activities decreased significantly with both increasing WT and copper treatment in the organs of black rockfish (P < 0.05). These changes can be seen as initial responses to temperature stress and as a sustained response to copper exposure. This also indicates that GSH and related enzymes activities were sensitive indexes to stress by toxicants such as copper. The present findings suggest that simultaneous stress due to temperature change and copper exposure can accelerate changes in enzymes activities in the black rockfish. This provides another example of synergism between environmental temperature and pollutants, which may have important implications for the survival of fish in polluted environments during seasonal warming and/or global climate change.

Cross-effects of dietary probiotic supplementation and rearing temperature on antioxidant responses in European seabass [Dicentrarchus labrax(Linnaeus, 1758)] juveniles

“…Supporting this comfort scope theory, TG levels decreased at lower temperatures. This also reveals similarities in the response to pollution stress (Al-Ghais, 2013) as well as other chemical aggressions (Min & Kang, 2014). Our results showed an increase in TG levels at higher temperatures, a result directly connected to the GSH levels.…”

Molecular Characterization and Gene Expression of Glutathione Peroxidase 1 in Tor tambroides Exposed to Temperature Stress

“…Under elevated temperatures, GPx expression levels in fishes may increase 42,43 or decrease. 14,44 Effects of temperature increase on cellular mechanisms are still poorly understood, especially those related to redox chemistry. 45,46 It is reported that elevated temperature results in enhanced oxygen consumption and ROS production.…”

Mitigating Effect of Vitamin-E on Copper Sulphate-Induced Toxicity in African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus)

“…Despite its toxicity, copper sulphate is used for the control of mortality caused by external bacteria, external parasites, and fungus on finfish and finfish eggs in hatcheries [11]. In aquaculture practices, copper sulphate has also been widely used to control algae and other pathogens [12]. The use of copper sulphate in the control of algae and other parasites in water requires high concentrations which are recommended at 50 μg/L minimal dose [13].…”