Combined Buccal Mucosa Graft and Dorsal Penile Skin Flap for Repair of Severe Hypospadias

Combined Buccal and Lingual Mucosa Grafts for Urethroplasty: An Experimental Study in Dogs

“…When extensive or panurethral strictures involving more than one segment of the anterior urethra occur, these are particularly challenging because simple buccal mucosa or lingual mucosa could not provide sufficient grafts to complete the repair. In this setting, combined buccal mucosa and lingual mucosa or genital skin flap [18,19] would be a reliable and durable method of single-stage repair. Berglund an Angermeier [18] reported on 18 cases of extensive urethral reconstruction using a combination of a graft and genital skin flap; in their series, the combination of buccal mucosa and a genital skin flap not only proved to be a reliable and durable method but also seemed to contribute to a decreased incidence of local and systemic morbidity.…”

“…Djordjevic et al [19] described 17 patients who underwent combined buccal mucosa graft and dorsal penile skin flap for repair of severe hypospadias and achieved satisfactory, functional, and aesthetic results in 14 patients.…”

Long-term results with a one-stage complex primary hypospadias repair strategy (the three-in-one technique)

“…Besides the desirability of completing the reconstruction in one operation, a one-stage approach has the additional advantage of using skin that is unscarred from previous surgical procedures, the normal blood supply of which has not been disrupted. Other authors have published reports on the same "three-in-one" concept with promising results [15,16].…”

Sex reassignment surgery

“…Most importantly, after a certain period of time it resembles urinary epithelium. One graft is usual ly sufficient enough and it is usually harvested from the in ner cheek or the inner side of the lower lip [7]. Additional urethral reconstruction is done using buccal mucosa graft and vascularized genital skin flaps.…”