Combined Approach of Compression Molding and Magnetic Attraction to Micropatterning of Magnetic Polydimethylsiloxane Composite Surfaces with Excellent Anti-Icing/Deicing Performance

Abstract

The accumulation of ice and contaminants on the surface of composite insulators will cause high energy consumption or even major hazards to power systems. In this work, the polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) silicone rubber was modified by surface micropatterning and material compositing. Highly crosslinked poly­(cyclotriphosphazene-co-4,4′-sulfonyldiphenol) (PZS) was used to directly coat ferroferric oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticles. The obtained core–shell Fe3O4@PZS microspheres were loaded with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) to get CNTs/Fe3O4@PZS as the photothermal magnetic filler. The PDMS/CNTs/Fe3O4@PZS surfaces with micronscale truncated cones were prepared via a combined method of compression molding and magnetic attraction. The 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyltrichlorosilane-coated template and magnetic field can increase the height of the microstructure to ∼76 μm and maintain the contact angle of microstructured PDMS/CNTs/Fe3O4@PZS surfaces at a high level (∼152°). Compared with the flat PDMS surface, the micronscale truncated cones extend the freezing time from 4.5 to 11.5 min and also undermine the ice adhesion strength from ∼25 to ∼17 kPa for the microstructured PDMS/CNTs/Fe3O4@PZS surface. The temperature of the PDMS/CNTs/Fe3O4@PZS surface molded with magnetic attraction increases linearly with time and the internal magnetic fillers and achieves 280 °C in 10 s. The efficiency of temperature rise is increased by ∼46%, and hence the entire frozen water droplet can melt within 20 s. The strategy combining active deicing with passive anti-icing undoubtedly promotes the development of high efficiency anti-icing materials and can be applied on insulators to prevent icing flashover.

Electro‐/Photo‐Thermal Promoted Anti‐Icing Materials: A New Strategy Combined with Passive Anti‐Icing and Active De‐Icing

“…Compared with electro‐thermal heat techniques, solar energy as the renewable source is free and sustainable from nature. Recently, researchers investigated sun light (or artifical light) to replace electric power, and developed photo‐thermal promoted AIM by combining passive AIM (i.e., SHSs, [ 106 ] lubricating surfaces, [ 107–110 ] and other icephobic surfaces [ 111,112 ] ) ( Figure ) with active photo‐thermal heating with the help of various absorbers (i.e., Fe 3 O 4 , [ 107,108,113–115 ] candle soot, [ 12,116 ] carbon nanotubes (CNTs), [ 89,90,112,117–126 ] carbon nanofibers, [ 111 ] CNTs/Fe 3 O 4 @poly(cyclotriphosphazene‐co‐4,4′‐sulfonyldiphenol) (PZS), [ 127 ] cermet, [ 32 ] I 2 , [ 128 ] SiC, [ 129 ] polypyrrole (PPy), [ 98 ] melanin, [ 130 ] CNTs/SiO 2 , [ 131 ] Fe/candle soot, [ 106 ] Fe/Cu, [ 132 ] titanium nitride (TiN), [ 133,134 ] Ti 2 O 3 , [ 135 ] Au/TiO 2 , [ 66,136 ] Au/SiO 2 , [ 137 ] reduced graphene oxide (rGO), [ 138 ] graphite, [ 139 ] SiO 2 /CuFeMnO 4 , [ 140 ] MXene, [ 141 ] and black engineered aluminum [ 142,143 ] ) (See Table 3 ). Generally, the absorption capacity of these absorbers differs from one to another, and the photo‐thermal effect usually occurs under different light wavelengths, such as solar radiation, [ 107 ] near infrared irradiation, [ 89,108,118,129 ] and infrared irradiation (See Table 3).…”

“…Compared with electro-thermal heat techniques, solar energy as the renewable source is free and sustainable from nature. Recently, researchers investigated sun light (or artifical light) to replace electric power, and developed photo-thermal promoted AIM by combining passive AIM (i.e., SHSs, [106] lubricating surfaces, [107][108][109][110] and other icephobic surfaces [111,112] ) (Figure 7) with active photo-thermal heating with the help of various absorbers (i.e., Fe 3 O 4 , [107,108,[113][114][115] candle soot, [12,116] carbon nanotubes (CNTs), [89,90,112,[117][118][119][120][121][122][123][124][125][126] carbon nanofibers, [111] CNTs/Fe 3 O 4 @ poly(cyclotriphosphazene-co-4,4′-sulfonyldiphenol) (PZS), [127] cermet, [32] I 2 , [128] SiC, [129] polypyrrole (PPy), [98] melanin, [130] CNTs/SiO 2 , [131] Fe/candle soot, [106] Fe/Cu, [132] titanium nitride (TiN), [133,134] Ti 2 O 3 , [135] Au/TiO 2 , [66,136] Au/SiO 2 ,…”

Polymer-Magnetic Semiconductor Nanocomposites for Industrial Electronic Applications

“…Chen et al reported the synthesis of highly crosslinked poly(cyclotriphosphazene-co-4,4 -sulfonyldiphenol) (PZS) used to coat ferric oxide (Fe 3 O 4 ) nanoparticles directly and then were loaded with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) to get CNTs/Fe 3 O 4 @PZS as the photothermal magnetic filler. The PDMS/CNTs/Fe 3 O 4 @PZS surfaces with micron-scale truncated cones were prepared using compression molding and magnetic attraction [98].…”

One-step laser etching of a bionic hierarchical structure on a silicone rubber surface with thermal and acid/alkali resistance and tunable wettability

“…Many methods have been used to construct surface micro/nano structures on silicone rubber surfaces, such as laser etching, 31 spray coating, 32 3D printing, 33 compression molding, 34 injection molding, 35 and soft lithography. 36 Among the above methods, laser etching is an industrial technology and is suitable for preparing rich micro/nanostructures on the surfaces of semiconductors, brittle materials, metals, polymers, ceramics and biomaterials.…”