Combined Amelioration of Ginsenoside (Rg1, Rb1, and Rg3)-enriched Korean Red Ginseng and Probiotic Lactobacillus on Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Abstract

Background: Red ginseng is a traditional medicine that has been used to treat numerous metabolic and inflammatory diseases. Probiotic administration has been established to have beneficial effects in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The purpose of this study was to determine whether a combination of Korean red ginseng (KRG) and probiotics could synergistically reduce NAFLD and liver inflammation compared with the effects reported for each individual product. Method: db/db and C57BL/6 mice were fed a normal chow diet and high-fat diet (HFD), respectively, and were treated with KRG, probiotics, or both. Samples were examined for lipid content, kinase protein phosphorylation, and gene expression patterns. Results: KRG- and probiotic-treated HFD-fed mice exhibited a reduction in body weight and a decrease in inflammatory cytokine secretion compared with the non-treated control mice. The same treatment was less successful in improving NAFLD parameters in the db/db mice while the combination of both products did not enhance their therapeutic potential. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that KRG and probiotics administration ameliorated NAFLD symptoms in a mouse model of dyslipidemia by reducing weight gain and liver inflammation. Coadministration of both products did not enhance their efficacy, and further research should be conducted to clarify their mechanisms of action.

Herbal Medicine in the Treatment of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Diseases-Efficacy, Action Mechanism, and Clinical Application

“…For example, Lingguizhugan decoction and calorierestriction therapy together could enhance the reduction of fasting blood lipid levels (Yuanyuan et al, 2015;Cao et al, 2016). The combination of Korean red ginseng and probiotic L a c t o b a c i l l u s s y n e r g i s t i c a l l y a m e l i o r a t e d h e p a t i c inflammation (Kim et al, 2019a). The combination of Ganmaidazao and Shengmai-Yin decoction is applied as adjuvant therapy for Type II diabetes mellitus via activation of HSL, PPARa, and AMPK/PI3K/AKT, and inhibition of SREBP-1/FAS, influencing insulin sensitivity, and lipid biosynthesis (Li et al, 2019).…”

WITHDRAWN: The mechanism of Jian-Gan-Xiao-Zhi decoction in IR adipocytes and its component analysis

“…Some researches have demonstrated that some active components in JGXZ has obvious effects on decreasing lipid levels in NFALD. A study demonstrated that Rg1 and Rb1 were involved improving lipid levels and ameliorate in ammation in NAFLD mice [28]. Paeoni orin has obvious effects on suppressing lipid ectopic deposition, enhancing insulin sensitivities and decreasing oxidation in NAFLD rats [29,30].…”

Pharmaceutical Efficacy of Gypenoside LXXV on Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH)

“…As an active ingredient derived from natural products, ginseng ginsenoside has excellent therapeutic effectiveness with high bioavailability and little biotoxicity, and has been widely employed to treat various metabolic syndromes such as diabetes, liver diseases, heart diseases, cancer, etc [ 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 ]. A mixture of ginsenoside Rg3, Rg1, Rb1, and probiotics has been used as a putative treatment for NAFLD symptoms to diminish liver inflammation by decreasing the expression of IL-1β and phospho-p38 [ 23 ]. Ginsenoside Rg1 exhibited an anti-inflammatory effect on palmitic acid-induced HepG2 cells via the AMPK/NFκB pathway [ 24 ].…”