Abstract:Biofouling on the surface of implanted medical devices severely hinders their functionality and drastically shortens their lifetime. Currently, poly(ethylene glycol) and zwitterionic polymers are considered “gold standards” for device coatings to reduce biofouling. To discover novel antibiofouling materials, we created a combinatorial library of polyacrylamide-based copolymer hydrogels and screened their ability to prevent fouling from serum and platelet-rich plasma in high-throughput. We found certain non-int… Show more
“…[ 80,81 ] Other studies show coating of antibiofouling hydrogel for implantable sensors via surface modification. [ 82,83 ] Figure 4b shows a continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) device in rats and pigs, which includes a four‐arm polyethylene glycol (PEG) hydrogel with an immobilized glucose‐responsive fluorescence dye (GF‐PEG‐gel). [ 82 ] The shortcomings of foreign body reactions were mitigated by covalently immobilizing the GF‐dye to contain a higher PEG gel content, resulting in great traceability comparable with a commercially CGM device.…”
Section: Nanomaterials For Implantable Devicesmentioning
The development of wireless implantable sensors and integrated systems, enabled by advances in flexible and stretchable electronics technologies, is emerging to advance human health monitoring, diagnosis, and treatment. Progress in material and fabrication strategies allows for implantable electronics for unobtrusive monitoring via seamlessly interfacing with tissues and wirelessly communicating. Combining new nanomaterials and customizable printing processes offers unique possibilities for high‐performance implantable electronics. Here, this report summarizes the recent progress and advances in nanomaterials and printing technologies to develop wireless implantable sensors and electronics. Advances in materials and printing processes are reviewed with a focus on challenges in implantable applications. Demonstrations of wireless implantable electronics and advantages based on these technologies are discussed. Lastly, existing challenges and future directions of nanomaterials and printing are described.
“…[ 80,81 ] Other studies show coating of antibiofouling hydrogel for implantable sensors via surface modification. [ 82,83 ] Figure 4b shows a continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) device in rats and pigs, which includes a four‐arm polyethylene glycol (PEG) hydrogel with an immobilized glucose‐responsive fluorescence dye (GF‐PEG‐gel). [ 82 ] The shortcomings of foreign body reactions were mitigated by covalently immobilizing the GF‐dye to contain a higher PEG gel content, resulting in great traceability comparable with a commercially CGM device.…”
Section: Nanomaterials For Implantable Devicesmentioning
The development of wireless implantable sensors and integrated systems, enabled by advances in flexible and stretchable electronics technologies, is emerging to advance human health monitoring, diagnosis, and treatment. Progress in material and fabrication strategies allows for implantable electronics for unobtrusive monitoring via seamlessly interfacing with tissues and wirelessly communicating. Combining new nanomaterials and customizable printing processes offers unique possibilities for high‐performance implantable electronics. Here, this report summarizes the recent progress and advances in nanomaterials and printing technologies to develop wireless implantable sensors and electronics. Advances in materials and printing processes are reviewed with a focus on challenges in implantable applications. Demonstrations of wireless implantable electronics and advantages based on these technologies are discussed. Lastly, existing challenges and future directions of nanomaterials and printing are described.
“…By comparison, passive approaches are related to the prevention of incoming fouling. Passive techniques usually imply the use of polymers or hydrogels as protective barriers [ 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 ]. For example, polyhydroxyethyl methacrylate (pHEMA) is an excellent candidate for generating protective barriers against fouling because it is a hydrophilic polymer that exhibits resistance to nonspecific adhesion of proteins [ 28 , 29 , 30 ].…”
Bioanalytical methods, in particular electrochemical biosensors, are increasingly used in different industrial sectors due to their simplicity, low cost, and fast response. However, to be able to reliably use this type of device, it is necessary to undertake in-depth evaluation of their fundamental analytical parameters. In this work, analytical parameters of an amperometric biosensor based on covalent immobilization of glucose oxidase (GOx) were evaluated. GOx was immobilized using plasma-grafted pentafluorophenyl methacrylate (pgPFM) as an anchor onto a tailored HEMA-co-EGDA hydrogel that coats a titanium dioxide nanotubes array (TiO2NTAs). Finally, chitosan was used to protect the enzyme molecules. The biosensor offered outstanding analytical parameters: repeatability (RSD = 1.7%), reproducibility (RSD = 1.3%), accuracy (deviation = 4.8%), and robustness (RSD = 2.4%). In addition, the Ti/TiO2NTAs/ppHEMA-co-EGDA/pgPFM/GOx/Chitosan biosensor showed good long-term stability; after 20 days, it retained 89% of its initial sensitivity. Finally, glucose concentrations of different food samples were measured and compared using an official standard method (HPLC). Deviation was lower than 10% in all measured samples. Therefore, the developed biosensor can be considered to be a reliable analytical tool for quantification measurements.
“…Against this background, we [6,[12][13][14] , followed by others [15][16][17] , have developed electrochemical aptamer-based (E-AB) biosensors, the first platform technology supporting high-frequency, invivo molecular measurement that does not rely on the intrinsic chemical or enzymatic reactivity of its targets. To achieve this, E-AB sensors employ a target binding-induced conformational change to generate an electrochemical signal ( Fig.…”
The ability to track the levels of specific molecules, such as drugs, metabolites, and biomarkers, in the living body, in real time and for long durations would improve our understanding of health and our ability to diagnose, treat and monitor disease. To this end, we are developing electrochemical aptamer-based (E-AB) biosensors, a general platform supporting high-frequency, real-time molecular measurements in the living body. Here we report that the addition of an agarose hydrogel protective layer to E-AB sensors significantly improves their baseline stability when deployed in the complex, highly time-varying environments found in vivo. The improved stability is sufficient that these hydrogel-protected sensors achieved good baseline stability when deployed in situ in the veins, muscles, bladder, or tumors of living rats without the use of the drift correction approaches traditionally required in such placements. Finally, this improved stability is achieved without any significant, associated “costs” in terms of detection limits, response times, or biocompatibility.
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