Combinatorial Approach to Characterizing Epoxy Curing

Eidelman, Naomi; Raghavan, Dharmaraj; Forster, Aaron M.; Amis, Eric J.; Karim, Alamgir

doi:10.1002/marc.200300190

Cited by 40 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Conventional quality control of thermoset resins (used for adhesives, composites, coatings) involves destructive mechanical testing as well as NIR and fluorescence spectroscopy. Eidelman et al [326] have reported the use of FTIR microspectroscopy, confocal microscopy, and axisymmetric adhesion testing to study discrete epoxy samples cured at different temperatures and to follow curing across continuous gradient combinatorial libraries. Together, these techniques provide a comprehensive picture of the changes in the chemical and physical properties within the prepared libraries.…”

Section: Angewandte Chemiementioning

confidence: 99%

Combinatorial and High‐Throughput Materials Science

2007

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There is increasing acceptance of high-throughput technologies for the discovery, development, and optimization of materials and catalysts in industry. Over the years, the relative synchronous development of technologies for parallel synthesis and characterization has been accompanied by developments in associated software and information technologies. This Review aims to provide a comprehensive overview on the state of the art of the field by selected examples. Technologies developed to aid research on complex materials are covered as well as databases, design of experiment, data-mining technologies, modeling approaches, and evolutionary strategies for development. Different methods for parallel synthesis provide single sample libraries, gradient libraries for electronic or optical materials, similar to polymers and catalysts, and products produced through formulation strategies. Many examples illustrate the variety of isolated solutions and document the barely recognized variety of new methods for the synthesis and analysis of almost any material. The Review ends with a summary of success stories and statements on still-present problems and future tasks.

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Section: Angewandte Chemiementioning

confidence: 99%

Combinatorial and High‐Throughput Materials Science

2007

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“…[16][17][18][19][20][21] As for blends, two general approaches for high-throughput methods have emerged: discrete and gradient. The discrete approach aims to develop a rapid method for creating of a library of discrete polymer blends.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High‐Throughput Method for Determining Modulus of Polymer Blends

Simon

Eidelman

Deng

et al. 2004

Macromol. Rapid Commun.

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Summary: A method for rapidly determining the modulus of polymer blends was developed. A polymer blend gradient library of poly(L‐lactic acid) (PLLA) and poly(D,L‐lactic acid) (PDLLA) was created in the form of a strip‐shaped film and characterized with FTIR microspectroscopy. Nanoindentation measurements were made along the gradients to obtain modulus data over a wide range of PLLA‐PDLLA blend compositions. This novel, high‐throughput approach to material characterization provides engineers with a technique to accelerate the development of materials.

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“…The microscope is equipped with a video camera, a liquid nitrogen-cooled mercury cadmium telluride (MCT) detector (Nicolet, Madison, WI), and a computer-controlled translation stage (SpectraTech, Inc., Shelton, CT) programmable in the X and Y directions. Although Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy in reflectance mode (FTIR-RM) was used to quantify the extent of curing for an epoxy library created by a linear temperature gradient, 21 this is the first example (to our knowledge) in which it has been utilized to determine the compositions of a discrete copolymer library. The spectral point-by-point mapping of the copolymer surface in each well was performed with a computer-controlled microscope stage and the Atlus mapping software (Thermo Electron Corp., Madison, WI).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parallel Synthesis and High Throughput Dissolution Testing of Biodegradable Polyanhydride Copolymers

et al. 2005

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We have demonstrated that polycondensation reactions can be carried out in a combinatorial fashion and that the polymer library can be screened at high throughput using a rapid prototyping technique to fabricate multiwell substrates. A linearly varying compositional library of 100 different biodegradable polyanhydride random copolymers that are promising carriers for controlled drug delivery was designed, fabricated, and characterized by IR microscopy within a few hours. The polyanhydride copolymer library was based on 1,6-bis(p-carboxyphenoxy)hexane (CPH) and sebacic anhydride (SA) and was characterized with infrared microspectroscopy to determine the composition within each well. Since degradation and release rates depend on copolymer composition, we also developed new high-throughput methods to investigate drug release from this library of copolymers by designing specific wells for each task. A subset of this library was chosen, and a substrate was designed and fabricated to enable the synthesis and monitoring of dye dissolution from a range of polyanhydride copolymers in a parallel fashion using a CCD camera. Multisample substrates were fabricated with a novel rapid prototyping method that consists of an organic solvent-resistant array of 10 x 10 microwells of 2-Î¼L volume each. The libraries were deposited with a custom-built liquid dispensing system consisting of a series of computer-controlled volume-dispensing pumps and XYZ motion stages. The parallel dye dissolution study displayed a decreasing rate of release with increasing CPH content. This result agrees with previously published data for dye release from poly(CPH-co-SA) copolymers. The methodology described in this work is amenable to numerous applications in the arenas of high-throughput polymer synthesis and characterization. We have demonstrated that polycondensation reactions can be carried out in a combinatorial fashion and that the polymer library can be screened at high throughput using a rapid prototyping technique to fabricate multiwell substrates. A linearly varying compositional library of 100 different biodegradable polyanhydride random copolymers that are promising carriers for controlled drug delivery was designed, fabricated, and characterized by IR microscopy within a few hours. The polyanhydride copolymer library was based on 1,6-bis(p-carboxyphenoxy)hexane (CPH) and sebacic anhydride (SA) and was characterized with infrared microspectroscopy to determine the composition within each well. Since degradation and release rates depend on copolymer composition, we also developed new high-throughput methods to investigate drug release from this library of copolymers by designing specific wells for each task. A subset of this library was chosen, and a substrate was designed and fabricated to enable the synthesis and monitoring of dye dissolution from a range of polyanhydride copolymers in a parallel fashion using a CCD camera. Multisample substrates were fabricated with a novel rapid prototyping method that consists of an organic s...

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Combinatorial Approach to Characterizing Epoxy Curing

Cited by 40 publications

References 32 publications

Combinatorial and High‐Throughput Materials Science

Combinatorial and High‐Throughput Materials Science

High‐Throughput Method for Determining Modulus of Polymer Blends

Parallel Synthesis and High Throughput Dissolution Testing of Biodegradable Polyanhydride Copolymers

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