Combination therapy of bioactive compounds with acarbose: A proposal to control hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes

Abstract

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a chronic metabolic disease with a high impact on public health and social welfare. Hyperglycemia is a characteristic of T2D that leads to different complications. Acarbose (ACB) reduces hyperglycemia by inhibiting α‐amylase (AMY) and α‐glucosidase (GLU) enzymes. However, ACB causes low adherence to treatment by patients with diabetes due to its side effects. Consequently, reducing the side effects produced by ACB without compromising its efficacy is a challenge in treating T2D. Bioactive compounds (BC) are safe and could decrease the side effects compared to antidiabetic drugs such as ACB. Nevertheless, their efficacy alone concerning that drug is unknown. The scientific advances have been directed toward searching for new approaches, such as combination therapies between BC and ACB. This review analyzes the combined therapy of BC (extracts or isolates) with ACB in inhibiting AMY and GLU as a proposal to control hyperglycemia in T2D. Practical application Postprandial hyperglycemia is one most typical signs of type 2 diabetes, and it can have significant consequences, including cardiovascular problems. Acarbose has side effects that lead to the abandonment of treatment. Bioactive compounds in extracts or isolated forms have become a viable option for controlling hyperglycemia without side effects, but their administration alone is insufficient. The scientific advances of acarbose/bioactive compound combination therapy as a proposal for controlling hyperglycemia in T2D were analyzed. The findings suggested that bioactive compounds combined with acarbose are effective when they function synergistically or additively; however, they are not recommended in therapy when they have an antagonistic effect.

Fabrication and characterization of Hypecoum pendulum‐assisted novel bio‐inspired silver nanoparticles and their antioxidant, anti‐diabetic, and anti‐Alzheimer properties

“…[ 75 ] Similarly, the efficacy of α‐amylase inhibitory drugs is affected by many factors (adsorption, excretion, mode of action, and metabolism). [ 111 ] Being nanometer‐sized, AgNPs could easily cross the cell barriers (cell membrane) and may exhibit long‐term effects on the biological system. [ 75 ] The current consequences are coherent with prior studies, which suggested that the excellent anti‐α‐amylase potential of Zea mays extract‐mediated AgNPs might be associated with the electrostatic attraction between cells and NPs.…”

Grape Pomace as a Cardiometabolic Health-Promoting Ingredient: Activity in the Intestinal Environment

“…In addition to its other effects, inhibiting carbohydrate-hydrolyzing enzymes such as α-amylases and α-glucosidases in the digestive system can help prevent glucose absorption, thereby reducing postprandial hyperglycemia. This is particularly important as postprandial hyperglycemia is a significant component of all forms of diabetes [ 48 ]. Concurrently, intestinal lipase plays an important role in triacylglycerols absorption, which is related to body weight control and obesity [ 49 ].…”

Dietary Antioxidant Quality Score (DAQS), serum lipids, markers of glucose homeostasis, blood pressure and anthropometric features among apparently metabolically healthy obese adults in two metropolises of Iran (Tabriz and Tehran): a cross-sectional study

“…Also Shahavandi et al [27] found that adherence to DAQS showed a significant decrease for systolic blood pressure among 270 apparently healthy adults. Emerging new research suggests that designing dietary strategies based on bioactive antioxidants can prevent metabolic disorders [28][29][30]. For this reason, we hypothesized that a higher quality of dietary antioxidant score may be associated with a favorable cardio-metabolic profile such as blood pressure, glycemic markers and lipid profile among adult individuals with obesity who are apparently metabolically healthy from two metropolises of Iran, Tabriz and Tehran.…”