Combination strategy using pure enzymes and whole cells as biocatalysts for the preparation of 2-hydroxyesters and lactones from 2-oxoglutaric acid

An Efficient Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of the Bactericide Lapyrium Chloride

“…Over the last few years, biocatalysis in nonaqueous media has been widely used for aminolysis and ammonolysis of esters [14,15] and have been shown to be of great utility for the resolution of amines [16] and in the preparation of chiral amides, carbonates and carbamates. [17] Encouraged by our success in lipase-catalyzed esterification reactions [18,19] and in the preparation of an intermediate in the synthesis of Alfuzosin by a one-pot aminolysis of esters, [20] we envisaged the application of this methodology to the synthesis of lapyrium chloride. In contrast with the traditional methods, in this synthetic procedure, the biocat- alysts showed high activity and chemoselectivity allowing the product to be obtained in high purity and yield.…”

“…Taking into account our previous work, [18] we tried a one-pot procedure for the preparation of 7. The second and third enzymatic steps corresponding to the formation of 5 and 7, respectively, were performed successively in the same pot.…”

Choice of biocatalyst form for scalable processes

“…In these cases, enzyme cascades are being used increasingly. A recent example uses both wholecell and isolated enzymes together in subsequent steps of a synthesis [31] and increasingly metabolic engineering will come to bear. Secondly, biocatalysis is now expanding beyond the pharmaceutical sector where the balance of costs is different.…”

Yeast‐Mediated Stereoselective Synthesis

“…Thus, the corresponding 2-hydroxy esters and lactones were obtained from 2-oxoglutaric acid [219]. Low ee values, however, were obtained for the reduction of α,γ-diketo esters and keto α,γ-diesters [220][221][222][223][224].…”