Combination of β Adrenergic Receptor Block and Renin–Angiotensin System Inhibition Diminished the Angiotensin II-Induced Vasoconstriction and Increased Bradykinin-Induced Vasodilation in Hypertension

Abstract

In hypertension, the combination therapy is frequently used to obtain a better therapeutic effect and reduce adverse effects. One effective combination is with inhibitors and β-blockers of renin–angiotensin system. Although the mechanisms of action of each drug are already known, the antihypertensive mechanism is more complex and therefore the combined treatment mechanism is unclear. Specifically, the effect of the treatments of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or AT1 receptor antagonist with β-blocker on the angiotensin II and bradykinin reactivity has not been studied. For this reason, we evaluated the interaction between propranolol and captopril or losartan on vascular reactivity to bradykinin and angiotensin II in spontaneously hypertensive rat. We constructed concentration–response curves to angiotensin II and bradykinin after treatment of SHR with propranolol–captopril or propranolol–losartan by using rat aortic rings. While losartan or captopril with propranolol potentiated bradykinin-induced vasodilation effect, the propranolol–losartan interaction decreased the angiotensin II-induced vasoconstriction. In addition, the combinations did not reduce the heart rate significantly. These results suggest that the combined therapy decreased blood pressure to normotensive values and showed less effect for angiotensin II and greater effect for bradykinin than monotherapy which could contribute in the antihypertensive effect.

Screening Pilot Study of Fruit Seed Compositions by GC-MS and Their Potential Scenario Anti ACE2 and 2rh1 Receptors as a Recycling Possibility in the Coronavirus Pandemic

“…Our previous study reported that dietary intake of vitamins, especially B6, B9 and B12 and herb extracts such as agarwood significantly affect mood and stress and decrease inflammation through β2 adrenoreceptor (2rh1) binging energy [10]. Moreover, the combination of the betaadrenergic receptor block and renin-angiotensin system inhibition throughout diminished the Ang II-induced inflammatory cascade reaction and increased Ang (1-7) as well as its antiinflammatory effects [11][12][13].…”

“…Results of the GC-MS analysis of the Pomegranate Seed Extract (PGSO) 2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16. 17,1 Retention times (minutes); PA: peak area (%).…”

Antihypertensive Effect of Amaranth Hydrolysate Is Comparable to the Effect of Low-Intensity Physical Activity

“…Certainly, the mechanism underlying ACE-1 inhibition among different compounds, including peptides, is not expected to largely differ but rather the main targeted organ and pharmacokinetics will determine the clinical effect [24]. In line with previous studies [22,37], the prevention of bradykinin type 2 receptor desensitization and improvement of the circulating levels of bradykinin can be important for the sustained antihypertensive effect promoted by the regular consumption of hydrolysate in addition to ACE-1 inhibition. In light of current knowledge, the results open specific questions about the mechanisms underlying the antihypertensive effect of food-derived peptides, and with certainty show that the use of these peptides for developing antihypertensive functional foods for long-term use is feasible.…”

Chronic Stress A Potential Suspect Zero of Atherosclerosis: A Systematic Review

“…Catecholamine is an important humoral factor in the sympathetic adrenal myeloid system, which can cause constriction of peripheral blood vessels and increase diastolic pressure. The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system also plays an important role in chronic stress by inducing increased angiotensin levels, regulating catecholamine secretion, and increasing blood pressure (102)(103)(104)(105). Sympathetic excitation is known to increase angiotensin II production by stimulating proximal cells and beta receptors in local tissues to promote renin secretion.…”