Combination of vitamin E and vitamin C alleviates renal function in hyperoxaluric rats via antioxidant activity

Abstract

Hyperoxaluria and oxidative stress are risk factors in calcium oxalate (CaOx) stone formation. Supplement with antioxidant could be effective in prevention of recurrent stone formation. The present study aims to evaluate the protective effects of vitamin E and vitamin C in hyperoxaluric rat. The experiment was performed in rats for 21 days. Rats were divided into 5 groups as follows: control (group 1, n=8), hyperoxaluric rats (group 2, n=8), hyperoxaluric rats with vitamin E supplement (group 3, n=7), hyperoxaluric rats with vitamin C supplement (group 4, n=7) and hyperoxaluric rats with vitamin E and C supplement (group 5, n=7). Hyperoxaluria was induced by feeding hydroxyl L-proline (HLP) 2% w/v dissolved in drinking water. Intraperitoneal 200 mg/kg of vitamin E was given in groups 3 and 5 on days 1, 6, 11 and 16, while 500 mg of vitamin C was injected intravenously in groups 4 and 5 on days 1 and 11. Renal functions and oxidative status were measured. The urinary oxalate excretion was increased in HLP supplement rats, while glomerular filtration rate, proximal water and sodium reabsorption were significantly lower in group 2 compared with a control (P<0.05). Giving antioxidants significantly lower urinary calcium oxalate crystals (P<0.05). Hyperoxaluric rats had higher plasma malondialdehyde (PMDA) and lower urinary total antioxidant status (UTAS), which were alleviated by vitamin E and/or vitamin C supplement. In conclusion, giving combination of vitamin E and vitamin C exerts a protective role against HLP-induced oxalate nephropathy.

Changes of Klotho protein and Klotho mRNA expression in a hydroxy-L-proline induced hyperoxaluric rat model

“…The HLP-induced hyperoxaluria rat model has been used in many previous studies on the pathophysiology of CaOx stone [ 20 , 22 , 23 ]. The BW of rats receiving HLP were not significantly changed, although HLP caused a slightly reduced food intake with a significantly increased water intake, similar to previous studies of hyperoxaluria rats induced by either ethylene glycol [ 48 ] or HLP [ 19 ]. This reflects the deleterious effect of kidney stone on the well-being of rats.…”

“…Accordingly, Klotho gene transcription/translation could be regulated by oxidative stress. An enhanced oxidative stress level was indicated by the increased PMDA level, which has been reported previously in the hyperoxaluric rat model [ 19 , 44 ] and in vitro studies [ 41 , 42 ] as well as in CaOx stone patients [ 18 ]. In addition, in this present study, kidney oxidative stress was likely to have been increased since an elevated level of kidney MDA and SOD activity levels, and a diminished level of GSH was found.…”

“…The measurement of Cr, MDA and TAS was performed as described previously [ 19 ]. The SOD and catalase activity was determined as reported previously by McCord and Fridovich [ 29 ] and Aebi [ 1 ], respectively.…”

“…However, the use of vitamin C (Vit C) is controversial due to the fact that it is a potential source of intrinsic oxalate production [ 6 ]. Previous studies demonstrated that the combination of Vit E and Vit C exerted a renoprotective effect against oxalate in both in vitro and in vivo studies [ 19 , 43 ].…”

Lime powder regimen supplement alleviates urinary metabolic abnormalities in urolithiasis patients

“…Accumulated crystals in the tubular basement membrane further induce reactive species generation. Several studies have shown that the supplement of antioxidants, including vitamin, flavonoids, polyphenol and other phytonutrients ameliorated renal injury and stone formation in urolithiasis patients . In the present study, we demonstrated that LPR reduces plasma protein carbonyl, and increases U‐TAS.…”