Combination of Patulin and Chlorpyrifos Synergistically Induces Hepatotoxicity via Inhibition of Catalase Activity and Generation of Reactive Oxygen Species

Lu, Shuaiyao; Liu, Shuo; Cui, Jinling; Liu, Xiaoyi; Zhao, Chong; Fan, Lihong; Yin, Shutao

doi:10.1021/acs.jafc.9b04814

Cited by 17 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Patulin (PAT) is a toxic secondary metabolite produced by Penicillium, Aspergillus, and Byssochlamys. 1,2 It can contaminate food and fruits, especially apples and apple-based products. 3 Animal studies have shown that PAT may exhibit have neurological, hepatic, nephrotic, and genetic toxicities, with the potential to impact human health.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selenium-Enriched Pediococcus acidilactici MRS-7 Alleviates Patulin-Induced Jejunum Injuries in Mice and Its Possible Mechanisms

Chen

Yan

et al. 2022

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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Patulin (PAT) is a common mycotoxin. Oral ingestion of PAT could damage the intestinal mucosa. Both selenium and probiotics can alleviate intestinal damage, but there are few reports on selenium-enriched probiotics. Here, we studied the protective effects of a new selenium-enriched Pediococcus acidilactici MRS-7 (SeP) on PAT-induced jejunum injuries in mice. Results show that PAT induced jejunum injuries such as loss of crypts, ulceration of the mucosa, and intestinal epithelial barrier function impairment. However, SeP could protect against PAT-induced jejunum injuries and significantly inhibit the reduction of goblet cell numbers. SeP could not only alleviate PAT-induced oxidative stress by decreasing malondialdehyde (MDA) and increasing superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) levels in the jejunum tissues but also alleviate the inflammatory response caused by PAT by reducing the levels of inflammatory factors (interleukin (IL)-6 snd IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)) in the serum and jejunum tissues. In addition, SeP also inhibited the expression of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4), increased the expression of tight junction proteins (occludin, ZO-1, and claudin-1), and increased the selenium content in the jejunum, thereby antagonizing the jejunum injuries caused by PAT exposure. Finally, SeP rebalanced the intestinal microbiota and improved probiotic abundance such as Turicibacter, Bif idobacterium, Ileibacterium, and Pediococcus in PAT-treated mice. These results support the possibility of SeP as a novel protective agent to mitigate the toxicity of PAT.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selenium-Enriched Pediococcus acidilactici MRS-7 Alleviates Patulin-Induced Jejunum Injuries in Mice and Its Possible Mechanisms

Chen

Yan

et al. 2022

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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“…Influence of poisoning with patulin on activity of acid phosphatase, cathepsin B and D in mice kidneys and livers parameters determined after the experiment ended were: blood morphology, blood urea nitrogen, glucose, sodium and potassium, serum protein electrophoresis, serum glutamate oxalacetate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, cholesterol and protein. No statistically significant changes were observed the in laboratory blood tests between the experimental groups of animals and controls, except for alkaline phosphatase, which decreased in the blood sera of animals exposed to the highest doses of patulin [23].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

The influence of poisoning with patulin on activity of acid phosphatase, cathepsin B and D in mice kidneys and livers

Borzęcki¹,

Nieradko-Iwanicka²,

Mikocka³

2020

J Pre Clin Clin Res.

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Introduction. Patulin is a mycotoxin produced by a variety of moulds, for instance, Aspergillus, Penicillium and Byssochlamys, and found most often in rotten apples. Previous studies showed toxic effects of patulin in the gastro-intestinal tract, impairment of kidney function, as well as neurotoxicity. Objective. The aim of the study was to investigate whether intoxication with patulin affects the activity of acid phosphatase, cathepsin B and D in mice kidneys and livers. Materials and method. Experiments were conducted on 36 female mice. Animals were divided into 6 groups of 6: 1-control, 2-received 0.1 LD50 patulin i.p. 28 days, 3-saline i.p. once, 4-patulin i.p. 0.1 LD50 once, 5 patulin i.p. 0.2 LD50 once, 6patulin i.p. 0.5 LD50 once. 6 hours after patulin or saline administration, animals from groups 3, 4, 5, 6 were sacrificed. Kidneys and livers were obtained. Animals from groups 1 and 2 were sacrificed on day 29. Acid phosphatase activity was measured in the tissue supernatants with colorimetric method. Cathepsin B and D activities were determined with an ELISA-kit. Results. The activities of acid phosphatase, cathepsin B and D in the kidneys and livers of mice exposed to patulin for 28 days was higher than in controls. A proportionate increase in acid phosphatase and cathepsin B activity in the kidneys and livers was observed for a single dose of the xenobiotic. Conclusions. Acute and subacute poisoning with patulin negatively affects the functioning of lysosomes and induces an increase in the activity of lysosomal enzymes in mice livers and kidneys. Activities of acid phosphatase and selected cathepsins in the livers and kidneys are markers of cell damage due to patulin's toxicity.

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“…The rise in CAT and SOD have also been described by different studies [23][24][25]. On the other hand, Lu et al [26], showed a decrease in SOD, CAT, and GSH in OP-exposed individuals. Ahmad et al [27] showed that GST protects lungs and brain from toxic effects of pesticides.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Oxidative Stress and Analysis of Selected SNPs of ACHE (rs 2571598), BCHE (rs 3495), CAT (rs 7943316), SIRT1 (rs 10823108), GSTP1 (rs 1695), and Gene GSTM1, GSTT1 in Chronic Organophosphates Exposed Groups from Cameroon and Pakistan

Javeres

Habib

Laure

et al. 2020

IJMS

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The detrimental effects of organophosphates (OPs) on human health are thought to be of systemic, i.e., irreversible inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) at nerve synapses. However, several studies have shown that AChE inhibition alone cannot explain all the toxicological manifestations in prolonged exposure to OPs. The present study aimed to assess the status of antioxidants malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH) (reduced), catalase, and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) in chronic OP-exposed groups from Cameroon and Pakistan. Molecular analysis of genetic polymorphisms (SNPs) of glutathione transferases (GSTM1, GSTP1, GSTT1), catalase gene (CAT, rs7943316), sirtuin 1 gene (SIRT1, rs10823108), acetylcholinesterase gene (ACHE, rs2571598), and butyrylcholinesterase gene (BCHE, rs3495) were screened in the OP-exposed individuals to find the possible causative association with oxidative stress and toxicity. Cholinesterase and antioxidant activities were measured by colorimetric methods using a spectrophotometer. Salting-out method was employed for DNA extraction from blood followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) for molecular analysis. Cholinergic enzymes were significantly decreased in OP-exposed groups. Catalase and SOD were decreased and MDA and FRAP were increased in OP-exposed groups compared to unexposed groups in both groups. GSH was decreased only in Pakistani OPs-exposed group. Molecular analysis of ACHE, BCHE, Catalase, GSTP1, and GSTM1 SNPs revealed a tentative association with their phenotypic expression that is level of antioxidant and cholinergic enzymes. The study concludes that chronic OPs exposure induces oxidative stress which is associated with the related SNP polymorphism. The toxicogenetics of understudied SNPs were examined for the first time to our understanding. The findings may lead to a newer area of investigation on OPs induced health issues and toxicogenetics.

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Combination of Patulin and Chlorpyrifos Synergistically Induces Hepatotoxicity via Inhibition of Catalase Activity and Generation of Reactive Oxygen Species

Cited by 17 publications

References 27 publications

Selenium-Enriched Pediococcus acidilactici MRS-7 Alleviates Patulin-Induced Jejunum Injuries in Mice and Its Possible Mechanisms

Selenium-Enriched Pediococcus acidilactici MRS-7 Alleviates Patulin-Induced Jejunum Injuries in Mice and Its Possible Mechanisms

The influence of poisoning with patulin on activity of acid phosphatase, cathepsin B and D in mice kidneys and livers

Oxidative Stress and Analysis of Selected SNPs of ACHE (rs 2571598), BCHE (rs 3495), CAT (rs 7943316), SIRT1 (rs 10823108), GSTP1 (rs 1695), and Gene GSTM1, GSTT1 in Chronic Organophosphates Exposed Groups from Cameroon and Pakistan

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