Combination of Oxalobacter Formigenes and Veillonella Parvula in Gastrointestinal Microbiota Related to Bile-Acid Metabolism as a Biomarker for Hypertensive Nephropathy

Abstract

The human microbiome is a mixed group of microorganisms, which individually consists of 10–100 trillion symbiotic microbial cells. The relationship between gastrointestinal microbiota and blood pressure has been verified and the intestinal microbiota of chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients in the distribution of bacterial species is different from the flora of people with no CKD. The purpose of this research is to study the different intestinal microbiota of hypertensive patients with and without nephropathy and to find possible biomarkers of hypertensive nephropathy (H-CKD). The subjects of this research were divided into three groups, healthy control group, hypertension group, and hypertensive nephropathy group. Sequencing, bioinformatics, and statistical analysis were performed on the 16S rRNA gene of the subjects’ stool samples. This research study showed the differences of intestinal flora as biomarkers in hypertension patients with and without nephropathy; it investigated the relationship of the differences in the intestinal microbiota with bile-acid metabolism; it also explored bile-acid metabolism mechanism of intestinal microbiota differences in hypertension with or without nephropathy. In summary, the difference in the combination of O. formigenes and V. parvula in the gastrointestinal microbiota is related to bile-acid metabolism in hypertensive patients and can be one of the factors causing CKD. It is the first time to report such a biomarker or pathogenic factor of H-CKD in the world.

Veillonella parvula: An update from a stomatological point of view

“…It has effects in patients with cell death in oral epithelium [24] and with severe alcoholic hepatitis [25] , while it was increased in patients using proton pump inhibitors as treatment [26] . This bacterium is also elevated in the same way in patients with Sjorgen's syndrome [27] and with nephropathies [28] . Several authors conclude that Veillonella parvula bacteremia can cause different clinical manifestations and symptomatology in patients, such as spondylitis, arthritis, reduced bronchial activity and nasal sepsis in patients with different ages and comorbidities.…”

Exploring the Relevance between Gut Microbiota-Metabolites Profile and Chronic Kidney Disease with Distinct Pathogenic Factor

“…The close relevance between decline in abundance of the butyrate-producers and glycemic condition with anti-diabetic intervention was documented, which suggest the application of microbial signature on evaluating the severity of DM or DKD ( 37 ). The relatively high abundances of Oxalobacter Formigenes and Veillonella Parvula were relevant to the bile acid metabolism and identified in gut microbiota of H-CKD patients compared to those of healthy counterparts, which potentially exhibited predictive utility at the occurrence or early stage of H-CKD ( 38 ). Similarly, the relatively abundant levels of four lipopolysaccharide producing Gram-negative phyla, including Bacteroidetes , Proteobacteria , Verrucomicrobia and Fusobacteria were determined in the gut microbiota of the T2DM-CKD compared with healthy groups ( 39 ).…”

Norcholic acid: a novel biomarker of early kidney injury in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease

“…Previous cross-sectional studies have reported signi cant changes in BA pro les in subjects with NAFLD or CKD compared with healthy controls [14,15,18,[32][33][34][35]. For example, Nimer et al reported that compared to healthy controls, subjects with biopsy-proven NAFLD had higher circulating levels of the majority of BA molecular species [14].…”