Combination of Electroacupuncture and Grafted Mesenchymal Stem Cells Overexpressing TrkC Improves Remyelination and Function in Demyelinated Spinal Cord of Rats

Ding, Ying; Zhang, Rong-Yi; He, Bing; Liu, Zhou; Zhang, Ke; Ruan, Jing-Wen; Ling, Eng‐Ang; Wu, Jin-Lang; Zeng, Yuan-Shan

doi:10.1038/srep09133

Cited by 34 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…Furthermore, low‐frequency EA at ST36 of rats was reported to promote the differentiation of bone mesenchymal stem cells into chondrocytes and the spinal cord . Researches confirmed that low‐frequency EA treatment can promote the differentiation of bone mesenchymal stem cells and contribute to the remyelination in demyelinated spinal cord rats . However, there was no report about the effects of EA on bone marrow‐derived ICC.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…20,21 Researches confirmed that low-frequency EA treatment can promote the differentiation of bone mesenchymal stem cells and contribute to the remyelination in demyelinated spinal cord rats. 22 However, there was no report about the effects of EA on bone marrow-derived ICC. Our research was the first study to explore whether EA could increase the bone marrowderived ICC in the colon of diabetic mice.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bone marrow‐derived interstitial cells of cajal are increased by electroacupuncture in the colon of diabetic mice

Zhao

Liu

2019

J of Gastro and Hepatol

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Background and Aim Insufficiency of interstitial cells of cajal (ICC) in the muscular plexus of colon has been proved in diabetic mice. Electroacupuncture (EA) at ST36 can accelerate ICC supplement in the colon of diabetic mice, but the source of increased ICC has not been clearly explored. Bone marrow cells possess the potential of migration and differentiation into ICC of the intestine. Our aim is to explore the effects of EA on variations of bone marrow‐derived ICC in the colon of diabetic mice as well as its mechanism. Methods Wild C57BL/6 mice were divided into six groups with random assignment method: control group, diabetic mellitus (DM) group, bone marrow transplantation (BMT) + DM group, BMT + DM + sham EA group, BMT + DM + low‐frequency EA group, and BMT + DM + high‐frequency EA group. Flow cytometric method was adopted to identify the chimera model. The specific location and expression levels of c‐Kit+ green fluorescent protein (GFP+) cells in colon were detected by immunofluorescence. Western blot and quantitative polymerase chain reaction were used to assess the expression level of c‐Kit, GFP, membrane‐band stem cell factor (mSCF), p‐ERK, p‐c‐Jun, ETV1, stromal cell‐derived factor 1 (SDF‐1), CXCR4, transforming growth factor β1 (TGF‐β1), and smad3. Results c‐Kit+ GFP+ cells in the muscular plexus of colon were apparently increased in the EA groups; the protein and mRNA expression level of CXCR4, SDF‐1, TGF‐β1, smad3, c‐kit, mSCF, p‐ERK, p‐c‐Jun, and ETV1 were elevated in the EA groups. Conclusions Electroacupuncture can effectively increase bone marrow‐derived ICC in the colon by SDF‐1/CXCR4, TGF‐β1/Smad3, and mSCF/Kit‐p‐ERK/p‐c‐Jun‐ETV1 signal pathway.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bone marrow‐derived interstitial cells of cajal are increased by electroacupuncture in the colon of diabetic mice

Zhao

Liu

2019

J of Gastro and Hepatol

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“…Although poorly managed, neuropathic pain has been found to be responsive to electro-acupuncture (EA) therapy as well as pregabalin treatment (2,3) in humans and animal models (4,5). In addition to neuropathic pain treatment, EA also protects the ultrastructure of muscles (6), neurons (7), and myelin sheath (8), and thus may promote tissue repair and nerve regeneration after injury.…”

Section: Electro-acupuncture Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced Pain Sensitivity with Systemic Ultrastructural Changes of the Nervous Systems after Cobra Venom Injection is Reversed by Electroacupuncture Treatment

2018

Pain Phys

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Background: Electroacupuncture (EA) has been proved to be effective in treating certain neuropathic pain conditions. The mechanisms of pain relief by EA are not fully understood. There have been sporadic reports of damage in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and regions of the central nervous system (CNS) at the ultrastructural level following peripheral nerve injury. However, information about possible systemic changes in the PNS and CNS after nerve injury is scarce. Objectives: The goal of this study was to examine the ultrastructural changes of the nervous system induced by a local injection of cobra venom into the sciatic nerve and to compare the ultrastructural changes in rats with or without treatment with EA or pregabalin. Study Design: An experimental study. Setting: Department of Anesthesiology, Pain Medicine, and Critical Care Medicine, Aviation General Hospital of China Medical University. Methods: In this study, using an established model of sciatic neuralgia induced by local injection of cobra venom into the sciatic nerve, we examined ultrastructural changes of the PNS and CNS and how they respond to EA and pregabalin treatment. EA and pregabalin were given daily from postoperative day (POD) 14 to 36. Based on previous works, the frequency of EA stimulation of the ST36 and GB34 acupoints was held to 2/100 Hz variable. Pain sensitivity in the sciatic neuralgia rats with and without treatments was assessed using the von Frey test. Ultrastructural alterations were examined bilaterally in the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, medulla oblongata; and the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar spinal cords on PODs 14, 40, and 60. Ultrastructural examinations were also carried out on the bilateral sciatic nerves and dorsal root ganglion (DRG) at the cervical, thoracic and lumbar levels. In rats treated with EA or pregabalin, the ultrastructure was examined on PODs 40 and 60. Results: Behavioral signs of pain and systemic ultrastructural changes including demyelination were observed at all levels of the PNS and CNS in rats with sciatic neuralgia. After intervention, the mechanical withdrawal thresholds of the EA group and pregabalin group were significantly higher than that of the cobra venom group (P < 0.05). Both EA and pregabalin treatments partially reversed increased cutaneous sensitivity to mechanical stimulation. However, only the EA treatment was able to repair the ultrastructural damages caused by cobra venom. Limitations: The results confirm that peripheral nerve injury led to the ultrastructural damage at different levels of the CNS as demonstrated with electron microscopy; however, we need to further verify this at both the molecular level and in light microscope level. Sciatic neuralgia induced by cobra venom is a chemical injury, and whether this exactly mimics a peripheral nerve mechanical injury is still unclear. Conclusions: Local cobra venom injection leads to systemic neurotoxicity. EA and pregabalin alleviate pain via different mechanisms. Key words: Sciatic neuralgia, cobra venom, demyelination, electroacupuncture, pregabalin, rat model

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“…Mechanical fibrinogen-depletion has been found to support heparin-free mesenchymal stem cell propagation in human platelet lysate [122]. A combination of electroacupuncture and grafted mesenchymal stem cells overexpressing tyrosine kinase C has been found to improve remyelination and function in demyelinated spinal cord of rats [123]. Arginine decarboxylase is a rate-limiting enzyme of agmatine synthesis and is known to exist in the central nervous system of mammals.…”

Section: Influence Of Mesenchymal Stem Cells On Spinal Cord Regeneratmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prerequisites for Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation in Spinal Cord Injury

Amr¹

2017

Mesenchymal Stem Cells - Isolation, Characterization and Applications

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We have aimed at distinguishing obligatory prerequisites for mesenchymal stem cell transplantation in spinal cord injury from those prerequisites which are unnecessary or are prerequisites that have to be further investigated. Obligatory prerequisites include the following. First, the site of injury is extensively gliotic, constituting an unsuitable medium for stem cell transplantation. It has to be dissolved by neurolyzing agents, chondroitinase ABC as an example. Second, stem cells need a suitable biomaterial scaffold for their proper integration. Third, the biomaterial scaffold necessitates a tissue filler harboring stem cells, other cells and neurotrophic factors in a combinatorial approach. Fourth, the efficiency of mesenchymal stem cells themselves has to be increased (by reducing oxidative stress-induced apoptosis, by hypoxic preconditioning, by modulating the extracellular matrix and by other measures). Prerequisites that have to be further investigated include the ideal source, mode, quantity, time point and number of injections of mesenchymal stem cells; which growth factors and cells to be used in the combinatorial approach; transforming mesenchymal stem cells into motor neuron-like cells or Schwann cells; increasing the homing effect of stem cells and how to establish a continuous drug and cell delivery system.

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Combination of Electroacupuncture and Grafted Mesenchymal Stem Cells Overexpressing TrkC Improves Remyelination and Function in Demyelinated Spinal Cord of Rats

Cited by 34 publications

References 76 publications

Bone marrow‐derived interstitial cells of cajal are increased by electroacupuncture in the colon of diabetic mice

Bone marrow‐derived interstitial cells of cajal are increased by electroacupuncture in the colon of diabetic mice

Enhanced Pain Sensitivity with Systemic Ultrastructural Changes of the Nervous Systems after Cobra Venom Injection is Reversed by Electroacupuncture Treatment

Prerequisites for Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation in Spinal Cord Injury

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