Combination of Carvacrol and Thymol: Antimicrobial Activity Against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and Antioxidant Activity

Rúa, Javier; Valle, Pilar del; Arriaga, Dolores de; Fernández-Álvarez, Laura; García-Armesto, María Rosario

doi:10.1089/fpd.2018.2594

Cited by 83 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…In more detail, the compounds with the highest relative abundance are the SEOs are carvacrol (23.9%-29%), its isomer thymol (14.5%-16.5%), linalool (16.0%-16.4%), γ-terpinene (12.3%-15.0%), p-cymene (9.4%-12.3%), and eucalyptol (6.2%-6.8%). We observed a carvacrol/thymol (C/T) ratio [47] significantly different if compared to evidences previously published [43]. Furthermore, the direct comparison between the SEOs1-3 and the commercial SEOT [23] (Table 2) indicates several significant differences: (i) the carvacrol/thymol (C/T) ratio [47] of the SEOs1-3 ranges between 1.6-1.8, differently from the value of 5.8 measured in the SEOT.…”

Section: Gc-ms Analysis Of the Volatile Componentscontrasting

confidence: 74%

“…We observed a carvacrol/thymol (C/T) ratio [47] significantly different if compared to evidences previously published [43]. Furthermore, the direct comparison between the SEOs1-3 and the commercial SEOT [23] (Table 2) indicates several significant differences: (i) the carvacrol/thymol (C/T) ratio [47] of the SEOs1-3 ranges between 1.6-1.8, differently from the value of 5.8 measured in the SEOT. Nevertheless, the SEOT C/T ratio may be reduced to 3.7, if thymol and its methyl ether, absent in the SEOs1-3, are grouped in the relevant calculation.…”

Section: Gc-ms Analysis Of the Volatile Componentscontrasting

confidence: 74%

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Satureja montana L. Essential Oils: Chemical Profiles/Phytochemical Screening, Antimicrobial Activity and O/W NanoEmulsion Formulations

et al. 2019

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Chemical fingerprints of four different Satureja montana L. essential oils (SEOs) were assayed by an untargeted metabolomics approach based on Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR) mass spectrometry (MS) coupled with either electrospray ionization or atmospheric pressure chemical ionization ion sources. Analysis and relative quantification of the non-polar volatile fraction were conducted by gas chromatography (GC) coupled to MS. FT-ICR MS confirmed significant differences in the polar metabolite composition, while GC-MS analyses confirmed slight fluctuations in the relative amount of major terpenes and terpenoids, known to play a key role in antimicrobial mechanisms. Oil in eater (O/W) nanoemulsions (NEs) composed by SEOs and Tween 20 or Tween 80 were prepared and analyzed in terms of hydrodynamic diameter, ζ-potential and polydispersity index. The results confirm the formation of stable NEs homogeneous in size. Minimum inhibitory and minimum bactericidal concentrations of SEOs were determined towards Gram-positive (Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus haemolyticus) and Gram-negative clinical isolates (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Serratia marcescens). Commercial SEO showed strongest antibacterial activity, while SEO 3 was found to be the most active among the lab made extractions. MIC and MBC values ranged from 0.39 to 6.25 mg·mL−1. Furthermore, a SEO structured in NEs formulation was able to preserve and improve antimicrobial activity.

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Section: Gc-ms Analysis Of the Volatile Componentscontrasting

confidence: 74%

Section: Gc-ms Analysis Of the Volatile Componentscontrasting

confidence: 74%

Satureja montana L. Essential Oils: Chemical Profiles/Phytochemical Screening, Antimicrobial Activity and O/W NanoEmulsion Formulations

et al. 2019

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“…Furthermore, O. vulgare essential oil’s higher antimicrobial activity could be explained by the amount of phenolic oxygenated monoterpenes—especially thymol, p -cymene, and carvacrol, which were found in the ratio of 27.6% and they could show a synergistic effect causing membrane destabilization. Some studies ensure that the combination of carvacrol and thymol at low concentrations could be used as a reference to apply this combination in foods to control S. aureus , to maintain the organoleptic properties, and to extend the shelf-life of them [ 45 ]. Other studies have reported the synergic potential of oregano essential oil to preserve food, such as salmon and seaweed burgers [ 18 ], beef meatballs [ 46 ], fish and meat products [ 19 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antioxidant and Antibacterial Capacities of Origanum vulgare L. Essential Oil from the Arid Andean Region of Chile and its Chemical Characterization by GC-MS

et al. 2020

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This study aimed to characterize the in vitro antioxidant and antibacterial properties of oregano (Origanum vulgare) essential oil, as well as its chemical composition. To our best knowledge, there are few studies on oregano grown in the arid Andes region, but none on the metabolites produced and their bioactivity. This work identified fifty metabolites by Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS)—monoterpene hydrocarbons, oxygenated monoterpenes, phenolic monoterpenes, sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, and oxygenated sesquiterpenes—present in the essential oil of oregano collected in the Atacama Desert. The main components of essential oregano oil were thymol (15.9%), Z-sabinene hydrate (13.4%), γ-terpinene (10.6%), p-cymene (8.6%), linalyl acetate (7.2%), sabinene (6.5%), and carvacrol methyl ether (5.6%). The antibacterial tests showed that the pathogenic bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella enterica and the phytopathogenic bacteria Erwinia rhapontici and Xanthomonas campestris were the most susceptible to oregano oil, with the lowest concentrations of oil necessary to inhibit their bacterial growth. Moreover, oregano oil showed antibacterial activity against bacteria associated with food poisoning. In conclusion, O. vulgare from the arid Andean region possesses an important antibacterial activity with a high potential in the food industry and agriculture.

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“…Based on the GC‐MS analysis conducted on the FAE components, 32 compounds were recognized in this plant that have different properties (Table ). We found that 9‐octadecenoic acid, methyl ester, (E)‐, carvacrol, thymol, 1, 2, 3‐benzenetriol (pyrogallol), and other compounds have antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antifungal properties …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ferulago angulata extract ameliorates epididymal sperm toxicity in mice induced by lead and diazinon

et al. 2020

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Background:The potential toxicity that results from environmental xenobiotics is not completely known. Increasing levels of heavy metals and the use of organophosphate pesticides (OPs) and their co-existence in the environment could be associated with an increasing incidence of male reproductive system disorders in humans and animals. Ferulago angulata is a dietary source of phenolic compounds with reported health benefits.Objective: This study was conducted to investigate whether an extract of Ferulago angulata could protect adult male NMRI mice against reproductive toxicity induced by lead acetate (PbAc), diazinon (DZN), or PbAc + DZN. Materials and methods:Adult male NMRI mice were exposed to either 0.5% PbAc in drinking water, DZN (3 mg/kg/day, intraperitoneal [i.p.] injection), or PbAc + DZN in the presence or absence of 400 mg/kg/day Ferulago angulata hydroalcoholic extract (FAE) that was administered via gavage for 6 weeks.Results: Chronic exposure to PbAc, DZN, and PbAc + DZN decreased sperm quality, sperm chromatin maturity and integrity, increased oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation, and could reduce male fertility indices. Co-administration of FAE could reduce these negative effects. Conclusion:The Ferulago angulata extract should be considered as a useful natural extract for the treatment of male infertility, especially in males exposed to conditions which induce reproductive toxicity. K E Y W O R D Sxenobiotics, Ferulago angulata, spermatozoa, antioxidants, oxidative stress | 707 NADERI Et Al.

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Combination of Carvacrol and Thymol: Antimicrobial Activity Against Staphylococcus aureus and Antioxidant Activity

Cited by 83 publications

References 31 publications

Satureja montana L. Essential Oils: Chemical Profiles/Phytochemical Screening, Antimicrobial Activity and O/W NanoEmulsion Formulations

Satureja montana L. Essential Oils: Chemical Profiles/Phytochemical Screening, Antimicrobial Activity and O/W NanoEmulsion Formulations

Antioxidant and Antibacterial Capacities of Origanum vulgare L. Essential Oil from the Arid Andean Region of Chile and its Chemical Characterization by GC-MS

Ferulago angulata extract ameliorates epididymal sperm toxicity in mice induced by lead and diazinon

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