Satureja montana L. Essential Oils: Chemical Profiles/Phytochemical Screening, Antimicrobial Activity and O/W NanoEmulsion Formulations

Abstract

Chemical fingerprints of four different Satureja montana L. essential oils (SEOs) were assayed by an untargeted metabolomics approach based on Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR) mass spectrometry (MS) coupled with either electrospray ionization or atmospheric pressure chemical ionization ion sources. Analysis and relative quantification of the non-polar volatile fraction were conducted by gas chromatography (GC) coupled to MS. FT-ICR MS confirmed significant differences in the polar metabolite composition, while GC-MS analyses confirmed slight fluctuations in the relative amount of major terpenes and terpenoids, known to play a key role in antimicrobial mechanisms. Oil in eater (O/W) nanoemulsions (NEs) composed by SEOs and Tween 20 or Tween 80 were prepared and analyzed in terms of hydrodynamic diameter, ζ-potential and polydispersity index. The results confirm the formation of stable NEs homogeneous in size. Minimum inhibitory and minimum bactericidal concentrations of SEOs were determined towards Gram-positive (Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus haemolyticus) and Gram-negative clinical isolates (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Serratia marcescens). Commercial SEO showed strongest antibacterial activity, while SEO 3 was found to be the most active among the lab made extractions. MIC and MBC values ranged from 0.39 to 6.25 mg·mL−1. Furthermore, a SEO structured in NEs formulation was able to preserve and improve antimicrobial activity.

Chemical composition of the essential oil and headspace of Satureja montana L.

“…Oils, 2020;7(2): 22-34 Čopra-Janićijević et al DOI: 10.37929/nveo.743706 compilation on the essential oil diversity of species S. montana of various origins, it was found that chemotype A was the most prevalent among its essential oils studied to date. Thus, two isomeric monoterpene phenols -carvacrol and thymol along with two monoterpene hydrocarbons --terpinen and pcymene -appear as the main constituents in S. montana collected from different locations in Croatia as described by Milos et al (2001), Radonic & Milos (2003), Vidic et al (2009), Dunkić et al (2012), Ćavar et al (2013), as well as from Italy (Fraternale et al, 2007, Benelli et al, 2017, Caprioli et al 2019Albania (Ibrailu et al, 2011, Maccelli et al, 2020; Montenegro (Damjanović-Vratnica et al, 2011); Portugal (Santos et al, 2019); Serbia (Vidović et al, 2014), and Spain (Navarro-Rocha et al, 2020). Mediterranean and Sub Mediterranean bioclimates, moderate water stress, full flowering stage of the plant, and drying method can be critical factors that are able to enhance the percentage of carvacrol in the oil of the plants with chemotype A.…”

Metabolic profiling of different wild and cultivated Allium species based on high‐resolution mass spectrometry, high‐performance liquid chromatography‐photodiode array detector, and color analysis

“…This method has widely demonstrated to be a powerful tool for characterizing the polar fraction of a variety of complex matrices such as foodstuff and essential oils. [29][30][31][32][33][34][35] Visualization of the so-obtained chemical profiles by van Krevelen diagrams affords a plain screening approach for the different Allium samples.…”

“Smart” Antimicrobial Nanocomplexes with Potential to Decrease Surgical Site Infections (SSI)

“…to attach, form intricate biofilms, and increase the resistance against any form of treatment [20]. Exploring plant-, polymer-, and nanotechnology-based therapeutic approaches rendered a plethora of promising results.Within the year 2019 alone, publications of medicinal plant-related research articles skyrocketed due to the huge interest of the scientific community to explore suitable therapeutic agents [21]. Targeting bacterial virulence factors like biofilm formation, quorum sensing, or motility instead of the viability is another interesting alternative in the current post-antibiotic-era [22].…”

“…Within the year 2019 alone, publications of medicinal plant-related research articles skyrocketed due to the huge interest of the scientific community to explore suitable therapeutic agents [21]. Targeting bacterial virulence factors like biofilm formation, quorum sensing, or motility instead of the viability is another interesting alternative in the current post-antibiotic-era [22].…”