Combination of black phosphorus nanosheets and MCNTs via phosphorus carbon bonds for reducing the flammability of air stable epoxy resin nanocomposites

Zou, Bin; Qiu, Shuilai; Ren, Xiyun; Zhou, Yifan; Zhou, Feng; Xu, Zhoumei; Zhao, Zhixin; Song, Lei; Hu, Yuan; Gong, Xiaojuan

doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121069

Cited by 137 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…In addition to these applications, BPs is also a simple substance of phosphorus, resulting in its potential usage as a flame retardant. Zou et al 18 incorporated the combination of BP and multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (BP‐MCNTs) into epoxy resin. With the phosphorus content of 1 wt%, the peak heat release rate (PHRR) and total heat release (THR) of epoxy nanocomposites reduced by 55.81% and 41.17%, respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glass fiber reinforced PET modified by few‐layer black phosphorus

Xiao

Wu³

et al. 2021

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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Glass fiber reinforced polyethylene terephthalate (PET/GF) with enhanced flame retardancy was prepared with few‐layer black phosphorus (BPs) for the first time. The performance of red phosphorus (RP) modified PET/GF was also investigated for comparison. Results show that PET/GF with 0.9 wt% BPs (PET/GF@BP‐0.9) can eliminate the ignition of cotton by dripping. The addition of 2.7 wt% of BPs can make the PET/GF sample pass UL 94 V‐0 classification, while a much higher of 6.3 wt% RP was needed to pass the same classification. Compared with neat PET/GF, the peak heat release rate (PHRR) and total heat release (THR) rate of PET/GF@BP‐2.7 decreases ca. 52.5% and 34.8%, respectively. The studies of char residues reveal that BPs could act as a catalyst for char formation and the formed char could roughen the surface of GF and thus restrain the “wick effect.” Thermogravimetric analysis/infrared spectrometry shows that the addition of BPs significantly inhibited the release of gas‐phase products. The attractive abilities of BPs as flame retardant provide a novel and effective way of PET/GF modification.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glass fiber reinforced PET modified by few‐layer black phosphorus

Xiao

Wu³

et al. 2021

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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“…In general, it has been understood that careful selection of additives is the first step in development of flame retardant polymer composites, but the performance of the material may additionally depend on the type and the amount of additives used individually or simultaneously [13,14]. Particularly, flame retardant epoxy composites consisting of phosphorus flame-retardant additives were the subject of different reports [15,16]. Moreover, combination of phosphorus and nonphosphorus additives was considered in the quest of higher flame retardancy performance [17,18,19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flame Retardant Epoxy Composites on the Road of Innovation: An Analysis with Flame Retardancy Index for Future Development

et al. 2019

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Nowadays, epoxy composites are elements of engineering materials and systems. Although they are known as versatile materials, epoxy resins suffer from high flammability. In this sense, flame retardancy analysis has been recognized as an undeniable requirement for developing future generations of epoxy-based systems. A considerable proportion of the literature on epoxy composites has been devoted to the use of phosphorus-based additives. Nevertheless, innovative flame retardants have coincidentally been under investigation to meet market requirements. This review paper attempts to give an overview of the research on flame retardant epoxy composites by classification of literature in terms of phosphorus (P), non-phosphorus (NP), and combinations of P/NP additives. A comprehensive set of data on cone calorimetry measurements applied on P-, NP-, and P/NP-incorporated epoxy systems was collected and treated. The performance of epoxy composites was qualitatively discussed as Poor, Good, and Excellent cases identified and distinguished by the use of the universal Flame Retardancy Index (FRI). Moreover, evaluations were rechecked by considering the UL-94 test data in four groups as V0, V1, V2, and nonrated (NR). The dimensionless FRI allowed for comparison between flame retardancy performances of epoxy composites. The results of this survey can pave the way for future innovations in developing flame-retardant additives for epoxy.

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“…In previous research, we reported that BP can effectively enhance the thermal stability and fire resistance of polymers [ 21 ]. Yuan Hu, et al synthesized the BP/carbon nanotube composite and demonstrated its synergistic flame retardant performance for epoxy resin [ 22 ]. However, some key indicators of flame-retardant property, such as the limit oxygen index (LOI), for the reported BP-based composite materials need to be further improved.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synergistic Effects of Black Phosphorus/Boron Nitride Nanosheets on Enhancing the Flame-Retardant Properties of Waterborne Polyurethane and Its Flame-Retardant Mechanism

et al. 2020

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We applied black phosphorene (BP) and hexagonal boron nitride (BN) nanosheets as flame retardants to waterborne polyurethane to fabricate a novel black phosphorus/boron nitride/waterborne polyurethane composite material. The results demonstrated that the limiting oxygen index of the flame-retarded waterborne polyurethane composite increased from 21.7% for pure waterborne polyurethane to 33.8%. The peak heat release rate and total heat release of the waterborne polyurethane composite were significantly reduced by 50.94% and 23.92%, respectively, at a flame-retardant content of only 0.4 wt%. The superior refractory performances of waterborne polyurethane composite are attributed to the synergistic effect of BP and BN in the gas phase and condensed phase. This study shows that black phosphorus-based nanocomposites have great potential to improve the fire resistance of polymers.

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Combination of black phosphorus nanosheets and MCNTs via phosphorus carbon bonds for reducing the flammability of air stable epoxy resin nanocomposites

Cited by 137 publications

References 66 publications

Glass fiber reinforced PET modified by few‐layer black phosphorus

Glass fiber reinforced PET modified by few‐layer black phosphorus

Flame Retardant Epoxy Composites on the Road of Innovation: An Analysis with Flame Retardancy Index for Future Development

Synergistic Effects of Black Phosphorus/Boron Nitride Nanosheets on Enhancing the Flame-Retardant Properties of Waterborne Polyurethane and Its Flame-Retardant Mechanism

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