Combination of Anoectochilus roxburghii Polysaccharide and Exercise Ameliorates Diet-Induced Metabolic Disorders in Obese Mice

Abstract

Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of metabolic disorders that threatens public health. Nevertheless, its exact mechanism and relative intervention remain largely obscure. Accumulating evidence indicate that tither Anoectochilus roxburghii polysaccharide (ARP) or exercise (EX) exhibited the beneficial effects on metabolic health. However, the synergetic beneficial effects of ARP and EX as a combined intervention on obesity-induced metabolic disorders remain largely obscure. Male C57BL/6 mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) and intervened with ARP and EX for 12 continuous weeks. The results indicated that the ARP, EX, and ARP combined with EX treatment group regulated lipogenesis by suppressing the fatty acid pathway, dampening the system oxidative stress by stimulating Nrf2-mediated phase II enzyme system, and promoting the mitochondrial function by activating the mitochondrial complexes and PGC-1α in HFD mice. More importantly, the combination of ARP and EX showed an even greater beneficial effects relative to either ARP or EX alone, especially in decreasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) level and increasing adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content. Taken together, these findings further confirmed that ARP and EX could be effective interventions on obesity-induced metabolic abnormalities, and that the combination of ARP and EX exhibited the beneficial synergetic effects.

Landscape of transcriptome‐wide m6A modification in diabetic liver reveals rewiring of PI3K‐Akt signaling after physical exercise

“…All mice had freely access to food and drink for 12 weeks. The exercise training followed a previous report 46 . In brief, for the first 4 weeks, the mice in the exercise group got a mild intensity run on treadmill with 5 m/min for first 5 min, 10 m/min for the subsequent 30 min, and 5 m/min for the final 5 min.…”

“…The exercise training followed a previous report. 46 In brief, for the first 4 weeks, the mice in the exercise group got a mild intensity run on treadmill with 5 m/min for first 5 min, 10 m/min for the subsequent 30 min, and 5 m/min for the final 5 min. For the last 8 weeks, the mice in the exercise group had a moderate intensity on treadmill with 5 m/min for the first 5 min, 13 m/min for the subsequent 30 min, and 5 m/min for the final 5 min.…”

Advances in health-promoting effects of natural polysaccharides: Regulation on Nrf2 antioxidant pathway

“…Animal experiments have indicated that NPs from woody plants could regulate Nrf2 antioxidant pathway for liver protection ( 30 , 50 , 79 , 80 , 82 , 83 , 87 , 88 , 90 , 91 , 94 , 172 , 176 ), cardioprotection ( 77 ), anti-aging ( 74 , 76 ), anti-oxidation ( 177 – 179 ), and immunomodulation ( 180 , 181 ), as reflected in Table 2 .…”

“…NPs from woody plants had liver protection against H 2 O 2 -induced hybrid grouper ( 30 ), acetaminophen-induced mice ( 50 , 82 , 87 ), high-fat diet-induced mice ( 79 , 94 , 176 ), CCl 4 -induced mice ( 80 , 90 ), ethanol-induced mice ( 87 , 88 ), and concanavalin A-induced mice ( 83 ), involving with increment of protein and/or mRNA expressions of nuclear Nrf2, Nrf2, HO-1, NQO1, GCLC, CAT, GSTα, GPX, GR, and MKP1 along with nuclear translocation of Nrf2, and reduction of protein and/or mRNA expressions of Keap1 and cytosol Nrf2 in liver tissues. Fructus Aurantii polysaccharide exerted cardioprotection against isoproterenol-induced rats via enhancing protein expressions of HO-1, NQO1, GCLM, γ-GCS, nuclear Nrf2, and cytosol Nrf2 in cardiac muscle tissues ( 77 ).…”

Polysaccharides from natural resource: ameliorate type 2 diabetes mellitus via regulation of oxidative stress network

“…Moreover, the mitochondrial complex and PGC-1α were activated to promote mitochondrial function. Furthermore, ARP also had some effects on reducing ROS levels and increasing ATP levels, thereby significantly improving diet-induced OS ( Chen et al, 2021 ).…”