Novel three-dimensional hierarchical heterostructures composed of two-dimensional SnS 2 nanoflakes and zero-dimensional SnO 2 nanoparticles were fabricated via a one-step hydrothermal method. Size of the heterostructures was ca. 2 µm in diameter, and individual SnS 2 nanoflakes with thickness of ca. 150 nm were connected to central core of the heterostructures. The SnO 2 nanoparticles in a diameter of ca. 5 nm uniformly covered entire surface of the SnS 2 nanoflakes. Moreover, both of these structures were highly crystalline. Meanwhile, amorphous carbon was formed within the heterostructures. The SnS 2 /SnO 2 /C hierarchical heterostructures had a high initial specific reversible capacity of 1065.7 mAh g -1 , s` cycling stability of 638 mAh g -1 after 30 cycles, and superior rate capability of 550.8 mAh g -1 at 1C rate. These SnS 2 /SnO 2 /C hierarchical heterostructures showed better performance than individual SnS 2 and SnO 2 nanomaterials, and the performance was even higher than the graphene-SnS 2 and graphene-SnO 2 nanohybrid materials. This is attributed to a synergistic effect of high surface area, which is provided by the unique SnS 2 internal nanoflake layered structures decorated with ultra-fine SnO 2 nanoparticles, and an effective beneficial buffer matrix to accommodate the large volume change upon cycling, which is caused by the side-products such as Li 2 S or Li 2 O. The SnS 2 nanoflake was deduced to play a similar role as graphene material, since both possess 2D conducting layer structures.The uniform carbon dispersion within the structures also stabilizes the structures and improves electrical conductivity of the hierarchical heterostructures.