Combination Immunotherapy Using Oncolytic Virus for the Treatment of Advanced Solid Tumors

Oh, Chang‐Myung; Chon, Hong Jae; Kim, Chan

doi:10.3390/ijms21207743

Cited by 40 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 95 publications

(153 reference statements)

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“…Indeed, it is conceivable that oncolytic vectors plus ICIs will be used as a combination therapy for multiple types of cancers, including melanoma, thus a considerable spectrum of various genes has already been integrated in oncolytic adenoviruses to enhance immune stimulation including antigen presentation, T cell priming or counterplay with immunosuppression. Such critical concepts have the potential to play a promising future role as enablers of immunotherapies involving oncolytic vectors [ 70 , 71 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although extensive studies have been conducted to improve melanoma therapy [ 72 , 73 ], the treatment of advanced melanoma malignancies still presents a few challenges such as the need to refine the efficacy, safety and tolerability of ICIs. Oncolytic viruses (OVs) have demonstrated their ability to provide a synergistic anticancer effect in combination with ICIs, chemotherapy and radiotherapy [ 15 , 50 , 71 , 74 , 75 , 76 ]. Although OVs show clinical promise in already immunogenic malignancies and a safe profile, clinical response rates are inconsistent [ 77 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Combination Therapy of Novel Oncolytic Adenovirus with Anti-PD1 Resulted in Enhanced Anti-Cancer Effect in Syngeneic Immunocompetent Melanoma Mouse Model

et al. 2021

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Malignant melanoma, an aggressive form of skin cancer, has a low five-year survival rate in patients with advanced disease. Immunotherapy represents a promising approach to improve survival rates among patients at advanced stage. Herein, the aim of the study was to design and produce, by using engineering tools, a novel oncolytic adenovirus AdV-D24- inducible co-stimulator ligand (ICOSL)-CD40L expressing potent co-stimulatory molecules enhancing clinical efficacy through the modulation of anti-cancer immune responses. Firstly, we demonstrated the vector’s identity and genetic stability by restriction enzyme assay and sequencing, then, by performing in vitro and in vivo pre-clinical studies we explored the anti-cancer efficacy of the virus alone or in combination with anti PD-1 inhibitor in human melanoma cell lines, i.e., MUG Mel-1 and MUG Mel-2, and in immunocompetent C57BL/6 melanoma B16V mouse model. We showed that both monotherapy and combination approaches exhibit enhanced anti-cancer ability and immunogenic cell death in in vitro settings. Furthermore, AdV-D24-ICOSL-CD40L combined with anti PD-1 revealed a fall in tumor volume and 100% survival in in vivo context, thus suggesting enhanced efficacy and survival via complementary anti-cancer properties of those agents in melanoma therapy. Collectively, the novel oncolytic vector AdV-D24-ICOSL-CD40L alone or in combination with anticancer drugs, such as check point inhibitors, may open novel therapeutic perspectives for the treatment of melanoma.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combination Therapy of Novel Oncolytic Adenovirus with Anti-PD1 Resulted in Enhanced Anti-Cancer Effect in Syngeneic Immunocompetent Melanoma Mouse Model

et al. 2021

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“…In the TME, immune cells dominantly exert effects impact over tumor growth, immune surveillance, tolerance, and escape. Moreover, multiple immune cells reportedly participate in the anti-tumor process, including natural killer (NK) cells, tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), neutrophils natural killer T (NKT) cells, dendritic cells (DCs), T-lymphocytes, and B-lymphocytes [8][9][10].…”

Section: Tumor Microenvironment and Immune Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circadian clock: a regulator of the immunity in cancer

et al. 2021

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The circadian clock is an endogenous timekeeper system that controls and optimizes biological processes, which are consistent with a master circadian clock and peripheral clocks and are controlled by various genes. Notably, the disruption of circadian clock genes has been identified to affect a wide range of ailments, including cancers. The cancer-immunity cycle is composed of seven major steps, namely cancer cell antigen release and presentation, priming and activation of effector immunity cells, trafficking, and infiltration of immunity to tumors, and elimination of cancer cells. Existing evidence indicates that the circadian clock functions as a gate that govern many aspects of the cancer-immunity cycle. In this review, we highlight the importance of the circadian clock during tumorigenesis, and discuss the potential role of the circadian clock in the cancer-immunity cycle. A comprehensive understanding of the regulatory function of the circadian clock in the cancer-immunity cycle holds promise in developing new strategies for the treatment of cancer.

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“…In TME, cancer-associated fibroblasts, adipocytes, Tregs, mesenchymal stromal cells and tumor-associated macrophages release numerous cytokines, such as IL-10, which support immune evasion and tumor growth ( 108 ). In recent years, oncolytic virotherapy (OVT) has been demonstrated to relieve the tumor immunosuppressive environments, and enhance anti-tumor immune responses ( 109 , 110 ). OVs stimulate anti-tumor immune responses which in turn, enhance the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) ( 111 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mesenchymal stem cell carriers enhance anti‑tumor efficacy of oncolytic virotherapy (Review)

Zhao

2021

Oncol Lett

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Oncolytic viruses (OVs) specifically infect, replicate and eventually destroy tumor cells, with no concomitant toxicity to adjacent normal cells. Furthermore, OVs can regulate tumor microenvironments and stimulate anti-tumor immune responses. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have inherent tumor tropisms and immunosuppressive functions. MSCs carrying OVs not only protect viruses from clearing by the immune system, but they also deliver the virus to tumor lesions. Equally, cytokines released by MSCs enhance anti-tumor immune responses, suggesting that MSCs carrying OVs may be considered as a promising strategy in enhancing the anti-tumor efficacies of virotherapy. In the present review, preclinical and clinical studies were evaluated and discussed, as well as the effectiveness of MSCs carrying OVs for tumor treatment.

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Combination Immunotherapy Using Oncolytic Virus for the Treatment of Advanced Solid Tumors

Cited by 40 publications

References 95 publications

Combination Therapy of Novel Oncolytic Adenovirus with Anti-PD1 Resulted in Enhanced Anti-Cancer Effect in Syngeneic Immunocompetent Melanoma Mouse Model

Combination Therapy of Novel Oncolytic Adenovirus with Anti-PD1 Resulted in Enhanced Anti-Cancer Effect in Syngeneic Immunocompetent Melanoma Mouse Model

Circadian clock: a regulator of the immunity in cancer

Mesenchymal stem cell carriers enhance anti‑tumor efficacy of oncolytic virotherapy (Review)

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