a b s t r a c tThe activities of single step sol-gel made calcium oxide on alumina catalysts were studied as a function of CaO loading, methanol/oil molar ratio and the amount of the catalyst in the transesterification of sunflower oil at 50°C. Also, the turnover frequency (TOF) of the catalysts was calculated to better understand the relationship between the basicity/basic strength and the catalytic activity. From volcano curve (TOF vs. basic strength), it was found that under 50°C and methanol/oil molar ratio of 9, 60% CaO/Al 2 O 3 had the highest turnover frequency, 0.028 s
À1, whereas 85% CaO/Al 2 O 3 showed the highest biodiesel yield, $96.6%, but TOF obtained on it was 0.012 s
À1. It seemed that 60% CaO catalyst had the proper basic strength to obtain the highest TOF.