a b s t r a c tIn this study, we present the activities of Al 2 O 3 supported CaO and MgO catalysts in the transesterification of lipid of yellow green microalgae, Nannochloropsis oculata, as a function of methanol amount and the CaO and MgO loadings at 50°C. We found that pure CaO and MgO were not active and CaO/Al 2 O 3 catalyst among all the mixed oxide catalysts showed the highest activity. Not only the basic site density but also the basic strength is important to achieve the high biodiesel yield. Biodiesel yield over 80 wt.% CaO/ Al 2 O 3 catalyst increased to 97.5% from 23% when methanol/lipid molar ratio was 30.
We report the antibacterial efficacies of silver and/or silver chloride containing titania xerogels synthesized with modified single step sol-gel methods against Escherichia coli bacteria. As the silver loading in TiO 2 increases, the amount of the xerogel required to inhibit the growth of the bacteria decreases and also we found that pure TiO 2 was not bactericidal. Among modified single step sol-gel methods used in this study, the additional HCl treatment sol-gel route III was very effective to obtain only AgCl crystallites in TiO 2 . Based on viable cell count method, 0.125 g/L of 29%Ag/TiO 2 (made with HNO 3 solgel route I) was enough to inhibit the growth of E. coli whereas 0.6 g/L of 29%Ag/TiO 2 (made with the additional HCl treatment sol-gel route III) was required. However, antibacterial activity of 29%Ag/TiO 2 (made with HNO 3 sol-gel route I) after 6 usages was the same as 29%Ag/TiO 2 (made with the additional HCl treatment sol-gel route III).
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