Colour Vision: Understanding #TheDress

Brainard, David H.; Hurlbert, Anya

doi:10.1016/j.cub.2015.05.020

Cited by 96 publications

(90 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…That individuals might describe the colors of the same stimulus differently was recently brought to the fore by the worldwide debate over the color of #thedress (Brainard & Hurlbert, 2015). But despite the surprised reactions to this image, such differences are not uncommon.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variations in normal color vision. VII. Relationships between color naming and hue scaling

et al. 2017

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A longstanding and unresolved question is how observers construct a discrete set of color categories to partition and label the continuous variations in light spectra, and how these categories might reflect the neural representation of color. We explored the properties of color naming and its relationship to color appearance by analyzing individual differences in color-naming and hue-scaling patterns, using factor analysis of individual differences to identify separate and shared processes underlying hue naming (labeling) and hue scaling (color appearance). Observers labeled the hues of 36 stimuli spanning different angles in cone-opponent space, using a set of eight terms corresponding to primary (red, green, blue, yellow) or binary (orange, purple, blue-green, yellow-green) hues. The boundaries defining different terms varied mostly independently, reflecting the influence of at least seven to eight factors. This finding is inconsistent with conventional color-opponent models in which all colors derive from the relative responses of underlying red-green and blue-yellow dimensions. Instead, color categories may reflect qualitatively distinct attributes that are free to vary with the specific spectral stimuli they label. Inter-observer differences in color-naming were large and systematic, and we examined whether these differences were associated with differences in color appearance by comparing the hue-naming to color percepts assessed by hue scaling measured in the same observers (from Emery et al., submitted). Variability in both tasks again depended on multiple (7 or 8) factors, with some Varimax-rotated factors specific to hue naming or hue scaling, but others common to corresponding stimuli for both judgments. The latter suggests that at least some of the differences in how individuals name or categorize color are related to differences in how the stimuli are perceived.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variations in normal color vision. VII. Relationships between color naming and hue scaling

et al. 2017

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“…A telling example is the #thedress. This image – which some insisted appeared blue-black while others white-gold - generated worldwide interest because it exposed how little we can infer from our own percepts about the visual experience of others (Brainard & Hurlbert, 2015). However, the public might also be (or at least should be!)…”

Section: The Value Of Research On Individual Differencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Individual differences in visual science: What can be learned and what is good experimental practice?

et al. 2017

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We all pass out our lives in private perceptual worlds. The differences in our sensory and perceptual experiences often go unnoticed until there emerges a variation (such as ‘The Dress’) that is large enough to generate different descriptions in the coarse coinage of our shared language. In this essay, we illustrate how individual differences contribute to a richer understanding of visual perception, but we also indicate some potential pitfalls that face the investigator who ventures into the field.

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“…Color changes after 5 months of natural ageing seemed comparable with those induced by UV radiation after 72 h of exposure in the artificial accelerated test. It has to be noted that visual assessment of wood color and color change is important for consumers, but it is also prone to subjectivity, as eye sensitivity varies from person to person, being also influenced by experience (Yamauchi et al 2001;Stockman and Brainard 2013;Brainard and Hurlbert 2015). Moreover, early wood and latewood are always perceived distinctively due to their color difference, and their visual impact persists in assessing color changes.…”

Section: Visual Assessment Of Color Changesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Ageing on the Color and Surface Chemistry of Paulownia Wood (P. elongata) from Fast Growing Crops

Liu¹,

Timar²,

Varodi³

et al. 2016

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The behavior of paulownia wood (Paulownia elongata) was investigated using three different ageing tests: simulated natural ageing under the influence of light under indoor conditions, temperature-induced ageing in the dark, and UV-induced ageing. Ageing effects were evaluated by color measurements in the CIE Lab system. Simulated natural ageing of wood in indoor conditions (6 months) and UV-accelerated ageing (72 h) are complex and dynamic processes, which resulted mostly in yellowing of the samples due to photo-degradation. Temperature-induced ageing (288 h at 100 C) resulted mostly in a rapid and visible darkening of the paulownia wood. Comparative in-time evolution of color changes during accelerated UV ageing testing and simulated natural ageing testing under indoor conditions allowed the estimation of an acceleration index of about 50X. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to examine specific chemistry changes occurring during these ageing tests. UV light from natural or artificial sources caused primarily lignin degradation followed by oxidative processes leading to carbonylcontaining chromophores. Temperature-induced partial degradation of hemicelluloses and oxidative processes resulted in the formation of chromophores containing mostly conjugated carbonyl groups. This research highlighted that paulownia wood (P. elongata) is quite sensitive to ageing under the action of light and temperature, which cause notable color and surface chemistry changes.

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Colour Vision: Understanding #TheDress

Abstract: A widely-viewed image of a dress elicits striking individual variation in colour perception. Experiments with multiple variants of the image suggest that the individual differences may arise through the action of visual mechanisms that normally stabilise object colour.

Cited by 96 publications

References 14 publications

Variations in normal color vision. VII. Relationships between color naming and hue scaling

Variations in normal color vision. VII. Relationships between color naming and hue scaling

Individual differences in visual science: What can be learned and what is good experimental practice?

Effects of Ageing on the Color and Surface Chemistry of Paulownia Wood (P. elongata) from Fast Growing Crops

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