Colour Analysis: An Introduction to the Power of Studying Pigments and Dyes in Archaeological and Historical Objects

Tamburini, Diego

doi:10.3390/heritage4040241

Cited by 5 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 17 publications

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“…Detailed scripts and analyses for pathway-specific investigations across tissues in Figure 2 are provided in GitHub (copy archived at Tamburini, 2023 ). Briefly, to interrogate broad tissue correlation structure, the number of genes which passed each biweight midcorrelation p-value cutoff is shown normalized to the total number of genes corresponding to that pathway term.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leveraging inter-individual transcriptional correlation structure to infer discrete signaling mechanisms across metabolic tissues

Zhou

Van

Molendijk

et al. 2024

eLife

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Inter-organ communication is a vital process to maintain physiologic homeostasis, and its dysregulation contributes to many human diseases. Beginning with the discovery of insulin over a century ago, characterization of molecules responsible for signal between tissues has required careful and elegant experimentation where these observations have been integral to deciphering physiology and disease. Given that circulating bioactive factors are stable in serum, occur naturally, and are easily assayed from blood, they present obvious focal molecules for therapeutic intervention and biomarker development. For example, physiologic dissection of the actions of soluble proteins such as proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP1) have yielded among the most promising therapeutics to treat cardiovascular disease and obesity, respectively 1–4 . A major obstacle in the characterization of such soluble factors is that defining their tissues and pathways of action requires extensive experimental testing in cells and animal models. Recently, studies have shown that secreted proteins mediating inter-tissue signaling could be identified by “brute-force” surveys of all genes within RNA-sequencing measures across tissues within a population 5–9 . Expanding on this intuition, we reasoned that parallel strategies could be leveraged to understand how individual genes mediate signaling across metabolic tissues through correlative analysis of genetic variation. Thus, genetics could aid in understanding cross-organ signaling by adopting a genecentric approach. Here, we surveyed gene-gene genetic correlation structure for ∼6.1×10^ 12 gene pairs across 18 metabolic tissues in 310 individuals where variation of genes such as FGF21, ADIPOQ, GCG and IL6 showed enrichments which recapitulate experimental observations. Further, similar analyses were applied to explore both local signaling mechanisms (liver PCSK9) as well as genes encoding enzymes producing metabolites (adipose PNPLA2), where genetic correlation structure aligned with known roles for these critical metabolic pathways. Finally, we utilized this resource to suggest new functions for metabolic coordination between organs. For example, we prioritized key proteins for putative signaling between skeletal muscle and hippocampus, and further suggest colon as a central coordinator for systemic circadian clocks. We refer to this resource as G enetically- D erived C orrelations A cross Tissues (GD-CAT) where all tools and data are built into a web portal enabling users to perform these analyses without a single line of code (gdcat.org). This resource enables querying of any gene in any tissue to find genetic coregulation of genes, cell types, pathways and network architectures across metabolic organs.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leveraging inter-individual transcriptional correlation structure to infer discrete signaling mechanisms across metabolic tissues

Zhou

Van

Molendijk

et al. 2024

eLife

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Pigments for the dead: megalithic scenarios in southern Europe

Bueno Ramírez,

Barroso Bermejo,

de Balbín Behrmann

2023

Archaeol Anthropol Sci

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Non-invasive imaging and spectroscopy techniques for identifying historical pigments: a case study of Iranian manuscripts from the Qajar era

Koochakzaei,

Mobasher Maghsoud,

Jelodarian Bidgoli

2023

Herit Sci

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In recent years, the expansion of non-invasive methods has been a trend in identifying historical pigments. Accordingly, this study aimed to identify the pigments used in three Iranian historical manuscripts from the Qajar era by utilizing a non-invasive and multi-analytical approach. A combination of various multi-band imaging methods, along with µ-XRF, Raman and FORS spectroscopy, were employed to identify pigments. The results revealed that emerald green, cochineal, ultramarine, orpiment, and red lead were used as pigments for green, red, blue, yellow, and orange colors on a golden leaf made of brass alloy. The study also demonstrated the mixtures of lead-barite white, lead white-ultramarine and lead white-red lead-indigo-cochineal in the white, light blue, and pink sections. While multi-band imaging was found to be a suitable tool for the primary classification of pigments, relying solely on this method without a complete pigment database is not advisable, as differences in underlying paint layers and mixed pigments can affect imaging results. Overall, the combination of imaging and spectroscopic techniques provides a reliable and non-invasive approach to identifying historical pigments and their alterations.

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Colour Analysis: An Introduction to the Power of Studying Pigments and Dyes in Archaeological and Historical Objects

Abstract: Nature offers a myriad of colours and the desire to replicate them is intrinsic to human nature [...]

Cited by 5 publications

References 17 publications

Leveraging inter-individual transcriptional correlation structure to infer discrete signaling mechanisms across metabolic tissues

Leveraging inter-individual transcriptional correlation structure to infer discrete signaling mechanisms across metabolic tissues

Pigments for the dead: megalithic scenarios in southern Europe

Non-invasive imaging and spectroscopy techniques for identifying historical pigments: a case study of Iranian manuscripts from the Qajar era

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