Colorimetric determination of Amoxicillin using 4-Aminoantipyrine and the effects of different parameters

Abstract

The wide utilize of antibiotics has led to spreading of antibiotics resistance among bacterial populations and reducing the effectiveness of antibiotics. However, most of the administrated antibiotics enter the environmental matrixes through direct runoff and excretion of feces or urine as unchanged original drugs, active metabolites and/or degradation products. Amoxicillin is one of the most valuable and highly consumed antibiotics. Thus, amoxicillin removal from pharmaceutical wastes offers many economic and environmental benefits. Therefore, the aim of current study was to characterize an identification method for amoxicillin and to study the effects of different parameter such as order of addition, nature of the complex, temperature and effect of concentration and type of the base. A spectrophotometric, selective and sensitive method has been proposed for the determination of Amoxicillin. The method is based on the oxidation of potassium ferricyanide and coupling of the oxidized product with the reagent, 4- aminoantipyrine, to give intensely colored complex that absorbs light strongly in the spectral region of 509nm at room temperature. The results found that the order of addition, drug (Amoxicillin)- potassium ferricyanide –base-4- aminoantipyrine, gave highest absorbance and sensitivity, the best base was NaOH (0.1N) needful for developing the colored product and increase its stability. That complex, at 25°C, gave a preferable sensitivity and was selected for further use in this study. Under the proposed optimum conditions, Beer’s law was conform in the concentration range of ( 5-100 mg L−1). Good linearity (r2=0.9994). Calculation of standard error, limit of detection (LOD) (signal/noise = 3), accuracy and precision (RSD%) better than 1%. The utilized method seemed simple, rapid, reproducible and accurate. In addition, it is applicable for the assay of the drug under investigation in various dosage forms and the results are in very good concord with those obtained in previous studies.

Spectrophotometric Method for the Determination of Catechol Amines Drugs in Pharmaceutical Preparations

“…The volume of NaNO 2 salt has an effective part in this reaction so it has been studied and determined the best volume, which leads to a fast and higher absorbance.The data indicated that the better volume of Sodium nitrite salt 3 mL for dopamine and adrenaline as appear in Figure 4.The better time for the reaction complete and the formation of the diazonium salt was about 5 minutes, several periods of time were studied among 2-60 minutes 12,13,17,18 as appeared in Figure 5.…”

Analytical and Biological Evaluation of Chromium Complex with Organic Detector NTADBrP: Stability, Calibration, and Inhibition Studies

“…The best absorption value of the chromium complex was within the temperature range of 10-30, where it reached its peak and gave the best color intensity. At higher temperatures, the absorbance decreased, possibly due to a decrease in stability or dissociation of the complex at high temperatures [31][32][33] as shown in Figure 7.…”

Recent Advancements in Metal and Non-Metal Mixed-Doped Carbon Quantum Dots: Synthesis and Emerging Potential Applications

“…The study examined the effectiveness of Cu, N@CQDs when used with AMX, along with 4-NH 2 -APE and aqueous H 2 O 2 solution. In previous studies, the compound 4-NH 2 -APE has been employed to quantify AMX [ 77 ]. The highly colored pink quinoneimine product was obtained through the oxidative coupling of AMX and 4-NH 2 -APE in an alkaline medium (pH 10.0) with H 2 O 2 .…”

“…The observed decrease in fluorescence intensity of Cu, N@CQDs can be explained by the overlap between the absorption band of the resulting chromogen at 505 nm. The quenching phenomenon suggested the result of the inner-filter effect (IFE) [ 77 , 78 ]. Moreover, the observed fluorescence quenching of Cu, N@CQDs can be ascribed to quenching mechanisms.…”