Colorimetric determination of amaranth followed enrichment and separation using buoyant adsorbents

Abstract

A buoyant solid-phase extraction adsorbent was prepared by sodium alginate-coated hollow glass microspheres (HGMs) modified with 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (3-APTS) for the separation and enrichment of anionic dye amaranth. After adsorbing amaranth, these low-density adsorbents can float on the surface of the solution, so the separation between adsorbents and substrates can be carried out by flotation. Quantitative determination of amaranth after separation and enrichment can be achieved by combining spectrophotometry. Under the optimum conditions, the linear range and detection limit for amaranth detection were 0.02 mg L −1-2.0 mg L −1 and 0.0021 mg L −1 , respectively. The proposed method was applied to the determination of amaranth in different beverages, and the results were in good agreement with those by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The recoveries of amaranth in different beverages were between 97.93 and 105.91%. The floating adsorbent can be used as a conventional sample preparation method for the detection of low concentration analytes in complex samples.

Continuous successive cycles of biosorption and desorption of acid red 27 dye using water hyacinth leaves as an effective, economic, and ecofriendly biosorbent

“…Amaranth azo dye (acid red 27; AR27) commonly occurs in wastewater generated by the food, textile, leather, paper, beverage, confectionery, photography, cosmetic, pharmaceutical, and phenol-formaldehyde resin industries [13][14][15][16]. At concentrations > 0.15 mg/kg, AR27 may cause acute and chronic toxicity, allergies, respiratory problems, birth defects, and tumors in humans [15,17].…”

Continuous biosorption of acid red 27 azo dye by Eichhornia crassipes leaves in a packed-bed column

“…Acid red 27 (AR27) is a highly water-soluble anionic azo dye that is used extensively in industries to color natural and synthetic textiles, and produce leather, paper, food, beverages, confectionery, pharmaceuticals 6 , 7 , cosmetics, phenol-formaldehyde resins, and photographic images 8 . These industrial activities produce large amounts of wastewater contaminated with AR27.…”

“…These industrial activities produce large amounts of wastewater contaminated with AR27. However, AR27 can be very hazardous to health, with effects that include respiratory problems, birth defects, allergies, tumors 7 , 9 , genotoxicity, cytotoxicity, embryotoxicity, mutagenicity, carcinogenicity 8 , 10 , and endocrine disruption 9 . This azo dye has been banned in the United States of America by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and its use is strictly controlled in many other countries 11 , 12 .…”

“…Furthermore, the discharge of AR27-containing effluents into water bodies reduces the penetration of sunlight, which affects the viability and photosynthetic process of aquatic plants, and deprives aquatic animals of the oxygen required for their vital functions 13 . Additionally, the complex chemical structure of AR27, which includes an azo group and conjugated benzene ring, renders it extremely recalcitrant to degradation, because of which it continues to persist in the environment 7 , 14 . Thus, it is crucial to remove AR27 from industrial effluents before their discharge into water bodies, to prevent it from having harmful effects on the environment and health.…”

A simple and sensitive approach for the electrochemical determination of amaranth by a Pd/GO nanomaterial-modified screen-printed electrode

“…[1][2][3][4] Therefore, U.S.A. has forbidden the use of amaranth in food, and China does not allow amounts of this additive in so drinks over the maximum limit of 0.05 g kg À1 (GB2760-2014). [5][6][7] Amaranth has recently been determined by numerous methods, namely spectrophotometry, 8,9 high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), 10,11 thin layer chromatography (TCL), 12 electrochemical analysis, [13][14][15][16][17][18] uorescence, 19,20 colorimetry, 21 and electrophoresis. 22 Electrochemical method is superior to the aforementioned methods due to the excellent merits, e.g., easy operation, low cost, simple equipment requirement, and quick response.…”