Colorimetric chemosensor for Cu(II) from electrospun nanofibrous mat mixed with 5‐methoxy‐salicylaldehyde azine

Abstract

The Cu(II) ion is a toxic metal ion contributing to water pollution and poses a challenging problem for the industrial sector encompassing semiconductor chips, microelectronics, dialysis water and pharmaceutical applications. 1,2 The accumulation of Cu(II) ions in the environment has highlighted the necessity for an efficient system to monitor Cu(II) ions and their entry into the food chain. This is an important consideration because Cu(II) ions are believed to induce risky neurodegenerative diseases such as myeloneuropathy, anaemia, Parkinson's disease, Wilson's disease and Alzheimer's disease. [3][4][5] The safety limit of Cu(II) in drinking water has been set as less than 1.3 ppm (<16 μM) by the US Environmental Protection Agency. 6 Consequently, there is a need to develop highly selective and sensitive devices for the naked-eye detection of trace amounts of Cu(II) ions. Recently, the monitoring of ions by colour signal changebased sensors has attracted attention because of their simplicity, rapidity, high selectivity and sensitivity. 7,8 The methods employed for the selective detection of the Cu(II) ion involved an ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectrophotometer or a colorimeter based on the coloured complexes, in which Cu(II) was bonded with in each chromogenic receptor. Numerous effective chemosensing methods have been reported, utilising rhodamine B, 9 naphthalimide, 10 coumarin

Ferrocenyl–triazole complexes and their use in heavy metal cation sensing

“…Hirshfeld surface analysis conrmed the presence of similar intermolecular contact patterns. Within the electrochemical measurements (CV), all the compounds showed anodically shied (relative to FcH/FcH + ) reversible events, and the multicyclic measurements showed stable redox behaviors for the cationic species of [3] n+ (n = 1, 2 or 3), [6] n+ (n = 1 or 2), [7] n+ (n = 1 or 2), and [9] + . In the cyclic voltammetry (CV) curves of 6 and 7, two distinct reversible oneelectron processes were superimposed, indicating the absence of electronic and electrostatic interactions between Fc/Fc + .…”

“…2.4.2. Synthesis of tris((1-ferrocenyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl) methyl)amine (3). Reagents: 1-Azidoferrocene (1) (1.00 g, 4.41 mmol), tripropargylamine (2) (0.18 g, 1.33 mmol), copper sulfate pentahydrate (0.10 g, 400.2 mmol), and sodium ascorbate (0.79 g, 4.00 mmol).…”

“…This implies a negligible electronic interaction between the Fc/Fc + units. 105,107 It is noteworthy that the cationic species [3] n+ (n = 1, 2, or 3), [6] n+ (n = 1 or 2), [7] n+ (n = 1 or 2), and [9] + did not precipitate during the oxidation, neither at the electrode surface nor in the electrochemical cell. Therefore, even the fully oxidized cations remained soluble under the measurement conditions employed.…”

“…Therefore, even the fully oxidized cations remained soluble under the measurement conditions employed. However, in situ spectroelectrochemical-NIR measurements were not conducted for 3 due to the negligible redox separations, the connectivity pattern of the molecules, and reports from previous investigations on compounds containing sp 3 -hybridized bridging atoms. 104,108,109 3.5.…”

“…Due to the limited resources of water around the world, wastewater treatment processes have received much attention from researchers, especially towards heavy metals, which are significantly discharged with the rapid development of industry and have now become one of the main components responsible for environmental pollution. [1][2][3][4][5] Heavy metals are nonbiodegradable and hence can accumulate during the living cycle, even at a trace level in living tissues, [6][7][8] whereby they can cause several diseases as well as affect the living organs of humans as well as other organisms. [9][10][11] The detection of such metals, for example, using state-of-the-art techniques, including atomic-uorescence and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, is expensive and requires high operating costs (e.g., for sample preparation, training operators, time).…”