Color-selective three-dimensional polarization structures

Intaravanne, Yuttana; Wang, Ruoxing; Ahmed, Hammad; Ming, Yang; Zheng, Yijia; Zhou, Zhang‐Kai; Li, Zhancheng; Chen, Shuqi; Zhang, Shuang; Chen, Xianzhong

doi:10.1038/s41377-022-00961-y

Cited by 46 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…28 In photonics, only fundamental-order hopfions with a unit Hopf index have been reported. 44 Spatial knot configurations of isophase in structured light fields have also been studied, [45][46][47] but they do not fulfill the 3D Hopf map. The generation and properties of higher-order photonic hopfions and their topological spin texture tuning have yet to be explored.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Topological transformation and free-space transport of photonic hopfions

Shen

et al. 2023

Adv. Photon.

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Structured light fields embody strong spatial variations of polarization, phase, and amplitude. Understanding, characterization, and exploitation of such fields can be achieved through their topological properties. Three-dimensional (3D) topological solitons, such as hopfions, are 3D localized continuous field configurations with nontrivial particle-like structures that exhibit a host of important topologically protected properties. Here, we propose and demonstrate photonic counterparts of hopfions with exact characteristics of Hopf fibration, Hopf index, and Hopf mapping from real-space vector beams to homotopic hyperspheres representing polarization states. We experimentally generate photonic hopfions with on-demand high-order Hopf indices and independently controlled topological textures, including Néel-, Bloch-, and antiskyrmionic types. We also demonstrate a robust free-space transport of photonic hopfions, thus showing the potential of hopfions for developing optical topological informatics and communications.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Topological transformation and free-space transport of photonic hopfions

Shen

et al. 2023

Adv. Photon.

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“…Metasurfaces, a class of artificial flat optical elements with feature cell size less than half wavelength, exhibit unprecedented abilities to manipulate the polarization, amplitude, and phase of incident light at the subwavelength level of the individual unit cell. [14][15][16] A variety of functionalities have been demonstrated such as flat metalenses, [17][18][19][20] holograms, [21][22][23] nanoprinting images, [24][25][26] and vortex generations. [27,28] In recent years, researchers have devoted more attention to multifunctional applications and integrated meta-devices.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiplexing Optical Images for Steganography by Single Metasurfaces

Cao

Tang

et al. 2023

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Image steganography based on intelligent devices is one of the effective routes for safely and quickly transferring secret information. However, optical image steganography has attracted far less attention than digital one due to the state‐of‐the‐art technology limitations of high‐resolution optical imaging in integrated devices. Optical metasurfaces, composed of ultrathin subwavelength meta‐atoms, are extensively considered for flat optical‐imaging nano‐components with high‐resolutions as competitive candidates for next‐generation miniaturized devices. Here, multiplex imaging metasurfaces composed of single nanorods are proposed under a detailed strategy to realize optical image steganography. The simulation and experimental results demonstrate that an optical steganographic metasurface can simultaneously transfer independent secret image information to two receivers with special keys, without raising suspicions for the general public under the cloak of a cover image. The proposed optical steganographic strategy by metasurfaces can arbitrarily distribute a continuous grayscale image together with a black‐and‐white image in separate channels, implying the distinguishing feature of high‐density information capacity for integration and miniaturization in optical meta‐devices.

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“…[1][2][3] By simulating the propagation and interference of object light waves Metasurface, [4][5][6][7][8] a two-dimensional artificial material characterized by an array of subwavelength structures sitting on a planar substrate, has shown its unprecedented ability to precisely manipulate the fundamental optical parameters of incident light waves. [9][10][11][12][13] There are abundant achievements in the study of phase [14][15][16][17][18][19][20] and amplitude [21][22][23][24][25] modulation by metasurfaces. Compared with phase-or amplitude-only meta-elements, [26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33] complex-amplitude meta-elements have attracted extensive interest due to their ability to independently and flexibly manipulate the two important optical parameters, i.e., amplitude and phase.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Full Complex‐Amplitude Engineering by Orientation‐Assisted Bilayer Metasurfaces

Deng

Guan

et al. 2023

Advanced Optical Materials

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through numerical calculation, one can encode the amplitude and phase of light waves into a CGH, and finally reconstruct the three-dimensional (3D) light field carrying object information through optical diffraction. In this process, a functional element with precise complex-amplitude modulation is the key to the digital encoding of holograms and the modulation of light waves. The modulation ability of light waves affects the numerical characteristics and reconstruction effect of holograms. An ideal complex-amplitude hologram can record the complex-amplitude information including the amplitude and phase of the object. However, since most of the existing optical elements such as conventional hologram recording with photographic negative, diffractive optical elements, and spatial light modulator (SLM) can only modulate the amplitude or phase of light wave, the hologram needs to be converted from the complex-amplitude to the pure amplitude or phase accordingly. With the development of new artificial materials such as metasurfaces, complex-amplitude hologram coding technology has attracted more and more attention due to its high spatial bandwidth product and high reconstruction accuracy.Optical complex-amplitude determines the propagation behavior of light in free space to the maximum extent. Precise control of complex-amplitude is the key to generating user-defined light fields. Current attempts to control optical complex-amplitude using metasurface, however, either have limited amplitude/phase step numbers or lost high lateral resolution since amplitude and phase are usually manipulated with size-varied nanostructures or several nanostructures integrated into a unit-pixel. Here, it is shown that bilayer metasurface can readily decouple optical amplitude and phase, thus achieving arbitrary complex-amplitude modulation only by arranging the orientation angles of nanostructures. In this design, each unit-pixel in one layer has only one nanostructure with the same size, thus significantly increasing the lateral resolution of complex-amplitude modulation. More importantly, the approach of controlling optical complex-amplitude merely by changing nanostructure orientation can significantly simplify the metasurface design and aggrandize the fabrication tolerance, thus enhancing the robustness of metasurfaces toward practical applications.

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Color-selective three-dimensional polarization structures

Cited by 46 publications

References 35 publications

Topological transformation and free-space transport of photonic hopfions

Topological transformation and free-space transport of photonic hopfions

Multiplexing Optical Images for Steganography by Single Metasurfaces

Full Complex‐Amplitude Engineering by Orientation‐Assisted Bilayer Metasurfaces

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