Color naming models for color selection, image editing and palette design

Abstract

Our ability to reliably name colors provides a link between visual perception and symbolic cognition. In this paper, we investigate how a statistical model of color naming can enable user interfaces to meaningfully mimic this link and support novel interactions. We present a method for constructing a probabilistic model of color naming from a large, unconstrained set of human color name judgments. We describe how the model can be used to map between colors and names and define metrics for color saliency (how reliably a color is named) and color name distance (the similarity between colors based on naming patterns). We then present a series of applications that demonstrate how color naming models can enhance graphical interfaces: a color dictionary & thesaurus, name-based pixel selection methods for image editing, and evaluation aids for color palette design.

Character Sequence Models for Colorful Words

“…Color association with word semantics has also been investigated in several previous papers (Mohammad, 2011;Heer and Stone, 2012;Andreas and Klein, 2014;McMahan and Stone, 2015).…”

Quantifying Aesthetics of Visual Design Applied to Automatic Design

“…[154].) In recent work, Hear and Stone [63] reviewed statistical color naming models, with the goal of fitting a model to single colors and their associated names. These associations are either from human judgments or retrieved from Internet search engines.…”

“…Similar to the applications of color naming proposed by Heer and Stone [63], in order to illustrate how color semantics enables more meaningful user interactions, we present a number of applications in color palette selection and design example retrieval, image retrieval, and recoloring images using semantics.…”

The Role of Visual Rhetoric in Semantic Multimedia: Strategies for Decision Making in Times of Crisis

“…It is enough to look up the list of publications from the premier venues for semantic web, multimedia or information visualization publications (Journal of Web Semantics, ACM Multimedia, IEEE Multimedia, IEEE TVVG, ACM TOMCCAP) during the last years (2008 -2012) to discover that some of the articles that received a lot of attention (Best Paper Awards, quotations, discussions in other papers, even sequels) apply ideas inspired by visual rhetoric like: visual query suggestion [30], narrative visualization [20], affective image classification [18], framing effects [13] and color naming models and their applications [10]. Hullman and Diakopoulos [13] apply their ideas on visualization rhetoric to a class of visualizations identified by Segel and Heer [20] as narrative visualizations.…”

“…The paper about color naming models [10] is important mainly for library builders (especially JavaScript libraries), while [18] uses features generally used in psychology and biology to create an affective image classification. Some of the metrics used in [18] are color (name, contrast, features), texture (wavelet, Tamura, etc.…”