Colonization of congenitally immunodeficient mice with probiotic bacteria

Wagner, R. Doug; Warner, Thomas F.; Roberts, L; Farmer, J; Balish, Edward

doi:10.1128/iai.65.8.3345-3351.1997

Cited by 104 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The raised saliva levels of NO prior to C. albicans challenge, following ingestion of L. acidophilus, suggests that L. acidophilus stimulates additional mechanisms, possibly involving macrophages, as enhanced secretion of IL-4 from stimulated T cells was not detected at the time of the infection challenge. Several bacterial species have been shown to induce nonspecific protection against experimental infection in mice [19,[32][33][34] by enhancing the host immune response [35,36]. For example, adult and neonatal immune deficient nude mice fed L. acidophilus are protected against orogastric challenge with live C. albicans [24,33,34], whereas heat-killed L. acidophilus were not effective, suggesting that either colonization or actively secreted factors were protective [25].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Enhanced clearance of Candida albicans from the oral cavities of mice following oral administration of Lactobacillus acidophilus

Elahi¹,

Pang

Ashman

et al. 2005

Clinical and Experimental Immunology

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SummaryOrally administered live Lactobacillus acidophilus was assessed for its capacity to enhance clearance from the oral cavity of DBA/2 mice shown previously to be 'infection prone'. L. acidophilus fed to DBA/2 mice significantly shortened the duration of colonization of the oral cavity compared to controls. Enhanced clearance of Candida albicans correlated with both early mRNA gene expression for interleukin (IL)-4 and interferon (IFN)-g g g g and expression of their secreted products in cultures of cervical lymph nodes stimulated with Candida antigen. In addition rapid clearance correlated with higher levels of IFN-g g g g and nitric oxide in saliva. Delayed clearance, less pronounced levels of the cytokine response, saliva IFN-g g g g and nitric oxide, and later mRNA expression for IL-4 and IFN-g g g g relative to feeding with the L. acidophilus isolate were noted in mice fed a different Lactobacillus isolate ( L. fermentum ). These observations indicate significant variations in individual isolates to activate the common mucosal system.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced clearance of Candida albicans from the oral cavities of mice following oral administration of Lactobacillus acidophilus

Elahi¹,

Pang

Ashman

et al. 2005

Clinical and Experimental Immunology

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“…However, the same researchers also showed that Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus reuteri, Lactobacillus casei GG, or Bifidobacterium animalis in the GI-tract of these mice prolonged their survival and decreased the severity of mucosal and systemic candidiasis by modulating immune responses, decreasing the number of C. albicans in the alimentary tract, and by reducing the numbers of orogastric infections. The results demonstrated not only that probiotic bacteria have biotherapeutic potential for prophylaxis against and therapy of this fungal disease, but also that probiotic bacteria protect mice from candidiasis by a variety of immunological (thymic and extrathymic) and non-immunological mechanisms (38).…”

Section: Probioticsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Probiotics: do they have a role in oral medicine and dentistry?

Meurman

2005

European J Oral Sciences

264

176

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This review describes current knowledge on probiotic bacteriotherapy from the oral health perspective. Recent experimental studies and results from randomized controlled trials have shown that certain gut bacteria, in particular species of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, may exert beneficial effects in the oral cavity by inhibiting cariogenic streptococci and Candida sp. Probiotics have been successfully used to control gastro-intestinal diseases. They also appear to alleviate symptoms of allergy and diseases with immunological pathology. The mechanisms of probiotic action appear to link with colonization resistance and immune modulation. Lactic acid bacteria can produce different antimicrobial components such as organic acids, hydrogen peroxide, carbon peroxide, diacetyl, low molecular weight antimicrobial substances, bacteriocins, and adhesion inhibitors, which also affect oral microflora. However, data is still sparse on the probiotic action in the oral cavity. More information is needed on the colonization of probiotics in the mouth and their possible effect on and within oral biofilms. There is every reason to believe that the putative probiotic mechanisms of action are the same in the mouth as they are in other parts of the gastrointestinal tract. Because of the increasing global problem with antimicrobial drug resistance, the concept of probiotic therapy is interesting and pertinent, and merits further research in the fields of oral medicine and dentistry.

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“…Lactobacilli can translocate, i.e. pass viable across the intestinal barrier [4][5][6]. Still, they rarely cause serious infection, except for rare cases in individuals with a pre-existing structural heart disease or severe immunodeficiency [7,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lactobacilli from human gastrointestinal mucosa are strong stimulators of IL-12 production

Hessle

Hanson

Wold

1999

Clinical and Experimental Immunology

216

145

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SUMMARYInteraction of macrophages with bacteria is a stimulus for production of cytokines such as IL-10 and IL-12. IL-12 stimulates T cell and natural killer (NK) cell cytotoxicity and interferon-gamma (IFN-g) production. IL-10 opposes the T cell-stimulating action of IL-12, decreases the release of proinflammatory cytokines from macrophages, and stimulates B cells. We have studied the capacity of human intestinal isolates from the three Lactobacillus species dominating on the human gastrointestinal mucosa, L. plantarum, L. rhamnosus and L. paracasei ssp. paracasei, to induce production of IL-10 and IL-12 from human blood mononuclear cells, or monocytes. Whole killed lactobacilli were potent stimulators of IL-12 over a wide range of bacterial concentrations. Lactobacillus paracasei gave the highest levels of IL-12 (1·5 ng/ml in response to 5 × 10 6 bacteria/ml), roughly 10 times more than obtained by stimulation with L. rhamnosus or L. plantarum. Escherichia coli induced on average < 50 pg/ml of IL-12 regardless of the bacterial concentration used. The secretion of free p40 subunit IL-12 followed the same pattern as the secretion of p70 (bioactive IL-12) with regard to the efficiency of different bacteria as stimulators. Escherichia coli was the most efficient trigger of IL-10 production, inducing 0·5 ng/ml IL-10 after stimulation with 5 × 10 6 bacteria/ml. Lactobacillus rhamnosus induced the highest levels of IL-10 among the lactobacilli (0·5 ng/ml) compared with 0·1 ng/ml evoked by L. plantarum or L. paracasei, but 10 times more bacteria were required for optimal stimulation than with E. coli. When neutralizing anti-IL-10 antibodies were added to the cultures, the IL-12-inducing capacity of L. rhamnosus was increased markedly, while that of E. coli remained low. The results show that mucosa-associated lactobacilli can be potent stimulators of IL-12, and thus potentially of cell-mediated immunity, if they pass over the gut epithelial barrier and interact with cells of the gut immune system.

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Colonization of congenitally immunodeficient mice with probiotic bacteria

Cited by 104 publications

References 30 publications

Enhanced clearance of Candida albicans from the oral cavities of mice following oral administration of Lactobacillus acidophilus

Enhanced clearance of Candida albicans from the oral cavities of mice following oral administration of Lactobacillus acidophilus

Probiotics: do they have a role in oral medicine and dentistry?

Lactobacilli from human gastrointestinal mucosa are strong stimulators of IL-12 production

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