Colonization and Osteogenic Differentiation of Different Stem Cell Sources on Electrospun Nanofiber Meshes

Abstract

Numerous challenges remain in the successful clinical translation of cell-based therapies for musculoskeletal tissue repair, including the identification of an appropriate cell source and a viable cell delivery system. The aim of this study was to investigate the attachment, colonization, and osteogenic differentiation of two stem cell types, human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and human amniotic fluid stem (hAFS) cells, on electrospun nanofiber meshes. We demonstrate that nanofiber meshes are able to support these cell functions robustly, with both cell types demonstrating strong osteogenic potential. Differences in the kinetics of osteogenic differentiation were observed between hMSCs and hAFS cells, with the hAFS cells displaying a delayed alkaline phosphatase peak, but elevated mineral deposition, compared to hMSCs. We also compared the cell behavior on nanofiber meshes to that on tissue culture plastic, and observed that there is delayed initial attachment and proliferation on meshes, but enhanced mineralization at a later time point. Finally, cell-seeded nanofiber meshes were found to be effective in colonizing three-dimensional scaffolds in an in vitro system. This study provides support for the use of the nanofiber mesh as a model surface for cell culture in vitro, and a cell delivery vehicle for the repair of bone defects in vivo.

Osteogenic differentiation of amniotic fluid mesenchymal stromal cells and their bone regeneration potential

“…Human AFSCs were differentiated on electrospun nanofiber meshes and compared to BMMSCs. In these experimental conditions, the cells displayed a delay in alkaline phosphatase activity, but elevated mineral deposition after 4 wk in culture, compared to BMMSCs [88] . The nanofiber mesh scaffold possesses high porosity, large surfaceareatovolume ratios and size scale similar to extracellular matrix components.…”

Osteogenic differentiation of human placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells (PMSCs) on electrospun nanofiber meshes

“…Tissue engineering strategies that deliver cells and growth factors on scaffolds have demonstrated considerable potential in developing bone graft substitutes. However, limits still exist in the cell-based therapy for bone regeneration, in part, due to the inaccessibility of adequate osteogenic cells as well as effective cell delivery systems (Kolambkar et al 2010).…”

Bone Tissue Engineering: Current Strategies and Techniques—Part II: Cell Types

“…In 2010, Kolambkar et al compared the attachment, colonization, and osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs compared with human amniotic fluid stem (hAFS) cells on electrospun nanofiber meshes. 21 Both cell varieties displayed strong osteogenic potential: hAFS cells showed a delayed ALP activity peak (an indicator of osteogenesis), but elevated mineral deposits relative to BMSCs. 21 When compared to human embryonic SCderived mesodermal progenitors, BMSCs exhibited a lesser degree of osteogenic differentiation and mineralization while embryonic SC-derived progenitors displayed lower HLA class II proteins, suggesting that mesodermal progenitors derived from embyronic SCs may be a viable alternative to BMSCs.…”

“…21 Both cell varieties displayed strong osteogenic potential: hAFS cells showed a delayed ALP activity peak (an indicator of osteogenesis), but elevated mineral deposits relative to BMSCs. 21 When compared to human embryonic SCderived mesodermal progenitors, BMSCs exhibited a lesser degree of osteogenic differentiation and mineralization while embryonic SC-derived progenitors displayed lower HLA class II proteins, suggesting that mesodermal progenitors derived from embyronic SCs may be a viable alternative to BMSCs. 22 Investigators have also compared adult BMSCs with embryonic stem cells (ESCs).…”